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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathogenicity of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus isolated from the brain of each of 5 pigs with clinical signs and microscopic lesions of encephalomyelitis (1 pig from each of 5 naturally infected herbs) was tested under experimental conditions. Each isolant was administered intranasally to 5 neonatal pigs. Clinically affected pigs developed either an acute or chronic form of illness, commencing 4 to 8 days after exposure. Listless, inappetence, and vomiting were clinical signs common to both forms. Additional signs of the acute form were paddling, muscle tremors, and hyperesthesia. Additional signs of the chronic form were loss of condition and either loss of weight or failure to gain weight at a rate similar to nonaffected littermates.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of field isolants of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus for neonatal pigs. 124 57

Six epizootics of encephalomyeltis in suckling pigs in Minnesota were attributed to infection with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. The disease occurred in 74 litters of pigs and was characterized by sudden onset of tremors, inappetence, weakness, atazia, and hyperesthesia, with high morbidity and case fatality rate. Pathologic changes consisted of marked nonsuppurative, nondemyelinating encephalomyelitis characterized by perivascular mononuclear cuffing, gliosis, neuronal death, and satellitosis. Clinical disease was limited principally to suckling pigs during a single farrowing period and did not recur in the herds involved during the ensuing 18 months.
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PMID:Porcine encephalomyelitis caused by hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. 124 58

Lesions in the thalamus or basal ganglia have rarely been reported in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We experienced 2 cases of ADEM, in which MRI showed lesions in the thalamus or basal ganglia. Case 1, a 4-year-old boy, had gait disturbance, hyperesthesia and hyperreflexia. MRI (T2 weighted image) showed multiple high intensity areas in the right frontal lobe, bilateral parietal lobes and bilateral thalami. Case 2, a 4-year-old girl, complained of gait disturbance following a febrile episode, and displayed hyperreflexia. Several days later, she had visual disturbance of the left eye. MRI (T2 weighted image) revealed multiple high intensity areas in the dentate nucleus of left cerebellum, left occipital lobe, bilateral caudate nuclei, and the anterior part of bilateral lenticular nuclei. In both cases, CT could not demonstrate these lesions. Both of them were treated with corticosteroid and recovered rapidly. They had no recurrence. MRI is useful in diagnosis and follow-up of ADEM and may reveal lesions other than cerebral or cerebellar white matters.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with lesions in the thalamus or basal ganglia on MRI]. 159 Oct 28

We report an 11-year-old girl with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) who developed respiratory failure and coma despite the use of corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin. We performed plasmapheresis four times, which improved her level of consciousness, hyperesthesia, external ophthalmoplegia and muscle weakness, and led to the normalization of brain and spinal cord MRI. Plasmapheresis might be an effective treatment in cases of fulminant ADEM.
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PMID:Plasmapheresis in fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. 1157 55

A 15-month-old female neutered Maltese Terrier was presented with a 12 hour history of low head carriage, reluctance to move and yelping when picked up. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from cervical hyperaesthesia. Twenty four hours after initial assessment there was significant clinical deterioration, with the dog exhibiting lateral cervical flexion and neurological abnormalities consistent with diffuse multifocal cerebral dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a marked pleocytosis. Euthanasia was elected and gross necropsy findings included swelling of the right frontal cortex and a focal area of necrosis in the ventrolateral grey matter of the frontal cortex. Histological examination of the brain tissue revealed focal areas of necrosis and generalised non-suppurative inflammation consistent with a morphological diagnosis of necrotising encephalomyelitis.
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PMID:Cervical hyperaesthesia in a Maltese Terrier with necrotising meningoencephalitis. 1547 26

Cases of canine neural angiostrongylosis (NA) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluations in the peer-reviewed literature were tabulated. All cases were from Australia. A retrospective cohort of 59 dogs was contrasted with a series of 22 new cases where NA was diagnosed by the presence of both eosinophilic pleocytosis and anti-Angiostrongylus cantonensis immunloglobulins (IgG) in CSF, determined by ELISA or Western blot. Both cohorts were drawn from south east Queensland and Sydney. The retrospective cohort comprised mostly pups presented for hind limb weakness with hyperaesthesia, a mixture of upper motor neurone (UMN) and lower motor neurone (LMN) signs in the hind limbs and urinary incontinence. Signs were attributed to larval migration through peripheral nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord and brain associated with an ascending eosinophilic meningo-encephomyelitis. The contemporary cohort consisted of a mixture of pups, young adult and mature dogs, with a wider range of signs including (i) paraparesis/proprioceptive ataxia (ii) lumbar and tail base hyperaesthesia, (iii) multi-focal central nervous system dysfunction, or (iv) focal disease with neck pain, cranial neuropathy and altered mentation. Cases were seen throughout the year, most between April and July (inclusive). There was a preponderance of large breeds. Often littermates, or multiple animals from the same kennel, were affected simultaneously or sequentially. A presumptive diagnosis was based on consistent signs, proximity to rats, ingestion/chewing of slugs or snails and eosinophilic pleocytosis. NA was diagnosed by demonstrating anti-A. cantonensis IgG in CSF. Detecting anti-A. cantonensis IgG in serum was unhelpful because many normal dogs (20/21 pound dogs; 8/22 of a hospital population) had such antibodies, often at substantial titres. Most NA cases in the contemporary series (19/22) and many pups (16/38) in the retrospective cohort were managed successfully using high doses of prednisolone and opioids. Treatment often included antibiotics administered in case protozoan encephalomyelitis or translocated bacterial meningitis was present. Supportive measures included bladder care and physiotherapy. Several dogs were left with permanent neural deficits. Dogs are an important sentinel species for NA. Human cases and numerous cases in tawny frogmouths were reported from the same regions as affected dogs over the study period.
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PMID:Twenty two cases of canine neural angiostrongylosis in eastern Australia (2002-2005) and a review of the literature 2248 Jan 48