Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25-year-old man was hospitalized because of dyspnoea and retrosternal pain. There were clinical and radiological signs of severe left ventricular failure which within a few hours necessitated artificial ventilation. A year before he had been diagnosed as having pseudohyperparathyroidism and disseminated encephalomyelitis. Administration of calcium and vitamin D was only partially efficacious. On admission the calcium concentration was 1.5 mmol/l. The severe left ventricular failure did not respond adequately to the usual therapeutic measures including artificial ventilation and catecholamines. A cumulative dose of about 50 mmol calcium was administered intravenously over 10 days, but marked improvement in myocardial function already became apparent at a calcium concentration of about 1.8 mmol/l. Lasting correction of the hypocalcaemia was achieved with 0.5 g calcium three times daily by mouth and 0.5 mg/d dihydrotachysterol. After transfer to a special neurological department because of an acute attack of multiple sclerosis there was no detectable impairment of cardiac function. This case demonstrates that hypocalcaemic cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of heart failure in previously well young persons who do not respond adequately to the usual treatment. Myocardial impairment is fully reversible after administration of calcium.
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PMID:[Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy as the cause of severe left heart failure]. 792 18

A 33-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of tetraplegia and dyspnea in November 4, 1991. He had been healthy until October 22, 1991, when he developed difficulty in urination, ascending paralysis, respiratory paralysis and oscillopsia. On admission, neurological examination showed transverse myelopathy below the level of fourth cervical cord segment, opsoclonus and respiratory paralysis, which developed apnea. Cell numbers and protein concentration in CSF were elevated 37/mm3 and 380 mg/dl respectively. MRI disclosed increased signal intensity area at the upper cervical cord and brainstem. From these findings, the patient was diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Cases of ADEM associated with respiratory paralysis in the acute stage are rare. An extended lesion of respiratory upper motor neuron descending from the medulla oblongata to the upper cervical cord may be involved, and resulted in respiratory paralysis in this case.
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PMID:[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presented with apnea in the acute stage]. 802 28

Quinoline-3-carboxamide (Linomide) is a novel, synthetic immunomodulator acting via immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms. It has shown efficacy against various malignancies, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and septic shock in animal models and has been investigated for clinical use in minimal residual myeloid leukemia with promising results. Interleukin-2 has shown considerable efficacy in palliative anti-tumor-treatment of advanced renal cell cancer, revealing remission rates of up to 40% in combination therapy regimens. Linomide is reported to exhibit synergistic effects with interleukin-2. Here we report on a clinical phase I/II study examining tolerance and efficacy of a combination therapy schedule of SQ interleukin-2 and PO Linomide in advanced renal cell cancer. Seventeen patients received 10 IU/m2 interleukin-2 per week for 8 weeks, resting interleukin-2 for another 8 weeks. In week 5 they started 5 mg Linomide daily, continued with 10 mg from week 7 to 16. No objective remissions were observed. Among 15 patients evaluable for response, 10 (66.7%) were progredient during the study. Three patients died during the observation period, including two not evaluable for response. Median survival was 4.0 months, median progression-free survival 2.5 months with a Kaplan-Meier estimate of 3.63 months. Fever, reduced general condition, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia, chills and hypotension were the most common side effects, reaching WHO grade 3 in 6 and grade 4 in 2 cases. In summary, Linomide in combination with interleukin-2 provides no advantages in efficacy or toxicity over other therapy regimens employing interleukin-2.
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PMID:Linomide and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. 1085 12

Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone), a standardized mixture of synthetic polypeptides, has now been approved also in Germany for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). After it had been shown effective in suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), it was evaluated in several clinical studies. In these studies, GA could alter the natural history of MS by both reducing the relapse rate and affecting disability. The clinical therapeutic effect of GA was consistent with the effect on magnetic resonance imaging-defined disease activity and burden in a recent multicenter study. As a daily standard dose, 20 mg of GA is injected subcutaneously. The induction of GA-reactive T-helper 2-like regulatory suppressor cells is thought to be the main mechanism of action. The most common adverse effects are mild injection site reactions. A remarkable but rare adverse effect is the only transient immediate post-injection systemic reaction manifested by flushing, chest tightness, palpitations, and dyspnea. Antibodies to GA which are induced during GA treatment do not interfere with its clinical effects.
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PMID:[Treatment of multiple sclerosis with glatiramer acetate. Current aspects of mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effect profile and clinical studies]. 1204 Sep 79

Between August and October 2000, 76 horses were reported by veterinary practitioners as having signs of a neurological disorder, varying from an involvement of the spinal cord alone to the entire central nervous system; 15 of the horses died or were euthanased as a result of their grave prognosis or secondary complications. At the same time, an outbreak of West Nile virus infection affected people and birds, principally domestic geese. West Nile virus was isolated from four of the horses with encephalomyelitis and five other horses seroconverted, indicating that the virus was the probable cause of the outbreak in horses. Three of the cases from which the virus was isolated are described briefly and one case is described in detail. This horse behaved abnormally and had general proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs. Its neurological condition deteriorated after two days and severe inspiratory dyspnoea due to a failure to abduct the arytenoids necessitated a tracheostomy. It died on the fourth day and histological lesions were observed in the brain stem and grey matter of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Clinical signs of West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in horses during the outbreak in Israel in 2000. 1214 2

Blastomycosis was diagnosed in six nondomestic felids from eastern Tennessee, including two Asian lions (Panthera leo persicus), one African lion (Panthera leo), one Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris), one cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and one snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, dyspnea, sneezing. ataxia, and paresis. Variable nonspecific changes included leukocytosis, monocytosis, moderate left shift of neutrophils, moderate hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Thoracic radiographs revealed interstitial and alveolar changes, consolidation or collapse of a lung lobe, bullae formation, and a pulmonary mass. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) serology for Blastomyces dermatitidis was performed in five felids and was positive in three. The tiger had cerebral blastomycosis and was positive for AGID serologic tests of both cerebrospinal fluid and serum. One percutaneous lung aspirate in the snow leopard and one bronchial aspirate in an Asian lion demonstrated B. dermatitidis organisms. whereas tracheal wash samples and a nasal discharge were nondiagnostic in others. Treatment with itraconazole was attempted in four cats. The tiger improved before euthanasia, whereas the others did not survive beyond initial treatments. In four felids, B. dermatitidis was found in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes associated with a florid pyogranulomatous reaction; the tiger had a pyogranulomatous encephalomyelitis, and the cheetah had a single pulmonary granuloma. Thoracic radiography, cytologic examination of lung lesion aspirates, and B. dermatitidis AGID serology should be performed on clinically ill zoo felids in endemic areas to rule out blastomycosis.
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PMID:Blastomycosis in nondomestic felids. 1458 83