Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven specific pathogen-free, five week old piglets were infected orally with the T80 strain of porcine enterovirus type 2. Three days after infection, five of the piglets were treated with cyclophosphamide, together with two of four uninfected control piglets. The treated, infected piglets developed severe diarrhea, and one showed signs of encephalomyelitis. These piglets showed no virological evidence of recovery from the infection, since the virus persisted throughout the intestinal tract, and they failed to mount a serological response. It was concluded that immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide impaired the normal recovery mechanisms in this infection, providing further evidence that the humoral immune response is an important defence mechanism against porcine enterovirus infection in piglets.
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PMID:The effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide on an experimental porcine enterovirus infection in piglets. 622 48

Cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived and conventionally reared pigs were orally inoculated with the coronavirus-like agent, CV 777, isolate from an outbreak of epizootic diarrhea in swine of all ages. Viral particles detected by electron microscopy in the feces and intestinal contents of inoculated pigs had the typical coronavirus morphology. The present studies provided further evidence that this coronavirus-like agent is different from the two known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. The experimental infection of pigs with this new agent resulted in vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. This coronavirus-like agent was shown to replicate in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi but, unlike transmissible gastroenteritis virus, it also replicated in the epithelial cells covering the large intestinal villi.
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PMID:Experimental infection of pigs with a new porcine enteric coronavirus, CV 777. 624 3

When treated with formaldehyde, Tween 80, sodium oleate and Nonidet P-40, avian infectious bronchitis virus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus as well as the human coronavirus show similar inner structures by negative staining. The first one is an inner membranous bag. This structure could be evaginated following treatments used and does not show the characteristic projections of coronaviruses. Subsequently, the inner fold could be separated from the outer membrane at the point of junction between these two membranes. Each virus does not react in the same way to the action of the different products. The transmissible gastroenteritis virus appears more sensitive to treatments than other viruses. On the other hand, the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus is the most resistant. The variable sensitivities of these viruses are not related to the type of host-cells. Also, a second internal structure, which is more dense than the viral particle, encircles partially the aperture of the internal tongue-shaped structure and seems to emerge from the viral particle through the aperture of the inner bag.
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PMID:Inner structures of some coronaviruses. 626 23

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimentally induced autoallergic demyelinating disease which is caused by immunization with a particular neuroantigen, such as myelin basic protein (MBP). Results have suggested that protease inhibitors might be useful therapeutically. Leupeptin (acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-argininal), a protease inhibitor of tripeptide nature, was effective in suppressing EAE in guinea pigs, when administered in a form of liposomes consisting of egg lecithin, cholesterol and sulfatide. The drug seemed to be transported into the central nervous system (CNS) tissues across the blood-brain barrier with the aid of a particular type of liposomes as vehicle. Some outbred Hartley guinea pigs completely recovered from distinct symptoms of EAE, such as loss of weight, paralysis, incontinence and/or diarrhea, when treated i.p. every day with lecithin-cholesterol-sulfatide (molar ratio, 4:5:1) reverse-phase evaporation vesicles-encapsulated leupeptin (REV-Leu) from day 6 after sesitization with 30 micrograms of bovine MBP. Scarcely any typical histopathological changes of EAE were found in the CNS of most survivors treated with REV-Leu.
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PMID:Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with liposome-encapsulated protease inhibitor: therapy through the blood-brain barrier. 651 10

Coronaviruses (CV) infect a variety of livestock, poultry and companion animals. They belong to at least five antigenic groups. CV cause localized infections of the respiratory and/or intestinal tracts, with the exception of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (HEV) which cause systemic infections. The enteropathogenic CV infect the villous enterocytes resulting in villous atrophy leading to malabsorptive diarrhea. Several CV (bovine CV-BCV, porcine respiratory CV-PRCV, infectious bronchitis virus-IBV) cause respiratory disease. Current evidence indicates that protection against enteric and respiratory CV infections is mediated by passive or active immunity at the primary site of CV replication. Maternal vaccination approaches to induce passive immunity include the use of inactivated and modified live viral vaccines. Modified live viruses and a Ts mutant CV (FIPV) are also used as oral or intranasal vaccines to induce active mucosal immunity. The success of these vaccines in the field is often compromised by a number of potential problems. Coronaviruses are spherical, enveloped viruses, ranging from 80-160 nm in diameter and containing a positive-stranded RNA genome. They possess prominent surface spikes and some species display a fringe of smaller surface projections believed to be the hemagglutinin (HE). Coronaviruses possess 3 to 4 structural proteins: the spike (S) glycoprotein (150-200 kDa), the integral membrane glycoprotein (M; 20-30 kDa) and the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N; 43-50 kDa). A subset of CV (BCV, HEV, turkey CV) possess a third glycoprotein on the virion surface, the HE (60-65 kDa). These proteins can be quantitated using pooled monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to distinct epitopes of each protein in ELISA. Most research has focused on the S protein as a candidate antigen for CV vaccines since it induces virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies. However the HE protein stimulates the production of VN and HE inhibiting antibodies and the M protein induces antibodies that neutralize virus in the presence of complement. Attempts to correlate in vitro VN antibody activity with in vivo protection have shown that the passive transfer of VN mAb to the S or HE protein conferred passive protection against CV challenge in some studies, but not others. Additional research has implicated a possible role for other CV proteins in immunity. Studies of mAb to the M protein of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV) have provided evidence for a direct role of the M protein in the induction of alpha IFN by porcine blood leukocytes. The potential significance of this phenomenon to immunity to TGEV is unclear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Coronavirus immunogens. 811 87

At the age of three weeks, two Labrador retriever puppies, out of a litter of nine, suffered from diarrhoea and muscular weakness. One puppy died within two days. The other was killed after a tetraparalysis had developed. Two weeks later a third puppy was killed because of a paretic hind leg. At the age of five months another dog had to be euthanized because of progressive hind limb ataxia. Pathological examination revealed polyradiculoneuritis, multifocal encephalomyelitis and polymyositis. In the lesions, particularly in the nerve roots, free and clustered protozoal tachyzoites were found. In the central nervous system tissue cysts were seen. By use of immunohistochemistry the protozoal organisms were identified as Neospora caninum, a newly recognized protozoan in the dog. Fresh bovine heart, that had been fed to the puppies, is regarded as the possible source of infection.
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PMID:[Neospora caninum as a cause of lameness symptoms in young dogs]. 832 63

Virus inactivation by cold treatment with beta-propiolactone (BPL) was investigated in human cryo poor plasma and purified IgG concentrates spiked with relevant human viruses or appropriate animal model viruses. The samples were treated with 0.1 or 0.25% BPL for 300 or 480 min, respectively. Residual infectivity was determined by standard microtitration assays on tissue culture cells. The inactivation of all viruses tested was more effective in IgG than in plasma. IgG: R1=4-5.5 log10 for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Semliki Forest virus (SFV), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), murine encephalomyelitis virus (MEV), feline calicivirus (FVC), suid parvovirus (PPV), simian virus 40 (SV40); R1=2-4 log10 for suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVagm3). Plasma: R1=3-5 log10 for VSV, SFV, BVDV, SHV-1, MEV:R1=0-3 log10 for HIV-1, SIVagm3 BHV-1, FCV, PPV, SV40. After addition of SIVagm3, HIV-2, and PPV to plasma or IgG, spontaneous inactivation without further addition of BPL was observed. These results demonstrate that treatment with BPL has a limited capacity to inactivate viruses. Different inactivation kinetics were observed in plasma and IgG concentrates. Therefore, virus inactivation by BPL must be tested for individual blood products independently and should not be extrapolated from other model systems.
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PMID:Inactivation of viruses by beta-propiolactone in human cryo poor plasma and IgG concentrates. 981 21

A 7-year-old female presented with fever, urinary incontinence, mental regression, gait disturbance, and lethargy after diarrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal T(2)-weighted hypersignal lesions supportive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Her mother had been diagnosed with hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsy. The girl was also determined to have hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy, with a 1.5-Mb deletion in chromosome 17p11.2 encompassing the gene for peripheral myelin protein 22 detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Hereditary peripheral neuropathies may be a factor in triggering the autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.
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PMID:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a female with hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsy. 1078 48

The anti-Hu antibody (HuAb) is directed against RNA-associated neuronal proteins and is known to cause paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy syndrome mostly when associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy syndrome with concurrent autonomic neuropathy has been reported to occur in paraneoplastic syndromes, although its occurrence concomitant with acute pandysautonomia is less frequent. The authors describe the clinical, neuropathologic, and serologic features of two cases with an anti-Hu-related paraneoplastic syndrome presenting with progressive autonomic neuropathy. Both patients showed features of dysautonomia, including postural dizziness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, and symptoms of sensory neuropathy. Investigations disclosed severe sensory and autonomic neuropathy and positive HuAb titers. The disease of patient 1 had a very rapid progression, and the patient died of cardiac arrest within 2 months of the onset of symptoms. The autopsy revealed SCLC. In contrast, the disease of patient 2 had a less aggressive course. An extensive tumor search disclosed SCLC only 28 months after onset of symptoms, and the patient died 1 month later of cardiorespiratory arrest. Autopsies in both cases showed inflammation involving the intermediolateral columns and the dorsal root ganglia. These two cases illustrate the association of early dysautonomia with HuAb-related paraneoplastic syndrome and the variations of clinical, neuropathologic, and serologic findings in these types of cases.
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PMID:Phenotypic and neuropathologic heterogeneity of anti-Hu antibody-related paraneoplastic syndrome presenting with progressive dysautonomia: report of two cases. 1157 Jun

From September 1997 to March 2002, a total of 84 children were admitted to Chang Gung Children's Hospital due to influenza A virus infection. Influenza A virus infection was documented in 61 cases by viral isolation from throat and in 23 cases by serologic studies. The mean age of patients was 43.8 months, ranging from 20 days to 16 years. Forty-one (49%) patients were male. Lower respiratory tract infection (53 of 84 cases) was the most common clinical manifestation, occurring predominantly in children younger than 5 years (49 of 53 cases). The types of lower respiratory tract infection included bronchiolitis/bronchopneumonia in 33 cases, pneumonia in 17, and croup in 3. Central nervous system dysfunction was noted in 26 patients, predominantly in older children (18 of 26 cases). This included encephalopathy in 11 cases, encephalitis in 10, aseptic meningitis in 2, psychosis in 1, febrile convulsions in 1, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 1. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mild in most patients. Diarrhea occurred in 18.4% of the children younger than 5 years, compared with only 8.4% of the older children. By contrast, abdominal pain was more common in older children (16.7%) than in younger children (6.7%). Ten children had leukocytosis (white blood cell > or = 15000 /microL) and 9 of them were younger than 5 years. Eleven children had a C-reactive protein level greater than 100 mg/L and 10 of them were younger than 5 years. The mean duration of fever and hospitalization were 4.6 +/- 2.8 days and 7.4 +/- 5.7 days, respectively. The clinical outcomes were excellent in all but 1 patient who died from intractable pulmonary hemorrhage. The frequency and duration of hospitalization due to influenza A virus is much greater than generally thought in Taiwan, suggesting an urgent need for educational programs to increase awareness of the characteristics and risks for this illness.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of children with influenza A virus infection requiring hospitalization. 1288 62


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