Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. FIPV was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus and FIPV were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229E (HCV-229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). An interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronaviruses selected for this study fell into one of two antigenically distinct groups. Viruses in each group were antigenically related to each other to varying degrees, but were antigenically unrelated to coronaviruses of the second group. The first antigenically related group was comprised of mouse hepatitis virus, type 3 (MHV-3), hemeagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 67N (HEV-67N) of swine, calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV), and human coronavirus 0C43 (HCV-OC43). The second antigenically related group was comprised of FIPV, TGEV, HCV-229E and CCV.
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PMID:Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. 8 Oct 44

Coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of pigs during a diarrhea outbreak on 4 swine breeding farms. Diarrhea was reproduced in experimental pigs with one of the isolates, designated CV777, which was found to be distinct from the 2 known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.
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PMID:A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. 8 32

To determine the exposure of free-ranging pronghorns (Antilocapra americana Ord) to selected pathogens, serum samples were obtained from 33 live-trapped animals from southwestern Saskatchewan in 1970, and from 26 and 51 animals from southeastern Alberta, in 1971 and 1972, respectively. Antibodies were found to the agents of parainfluenza 3, bovine virus diarrhea, eastern and western encephalomyelitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the chlamydial group. No serologic reactors were found to the agents of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, brucellosis, or leptospirosis (4 serotypes).
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PMID:A serologic survey of pronghorns in Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1970-1972. 16 3

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was isolated in Vero cell cultures from the small intestine of a piglet experimentally infected with porcine coronavirus 83P-5, that had been isolated during outbreaks of porcine acute diarrhea and passaged in piglets. The isolation of the PEDV was successful only in Vero cells maintained in the maintenance medium (MM) containing trypsin. Infected Vero cell cultures exhibited CPE characterized by cell-fusion and syncytial formation, as well as cytoplasmic fluorescence when examined by the indirect immunofluorescent test using rabbit anti-83P-5 virus serum. The isolate was adapted to serial propagation in Vero cell cultures by adding trypsin to MM. Vero cell-adapted PEDV was successfully propagated in the MA104, CPK and ESK cell lines in the presence of trypsin in MM. Vero cell-adapted PEDV had morphologic and physicochemical characteristics similar to those of other members of the coronaviridae. The isolate differed serologically from porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses, and no antigenic relationship between the isolate and TGE virus could be detected by the indirect immunofluorescent test. Attempts to isolate PEDV in 6 types of primary fetal pig cell cultures and 6 of 10 established cell lines resulted in the failure, probably because these cells were damaged by the action of trypsin.
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PMID:Isolation and serial propagation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell cultures and partial characterization of the isolate. 131 52

Protozoal encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in a 3-day-old calf that was stunted, weak, and recumbent. Grossly, the calf had contracted tendons in the forelegs, a slightly doomed skull, a porencephalic cyst in the cerebellum, ulcerative esophagitis, and abomasitis. Histologically, there was a multifocal nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with clusters of protozoal tachyzoites and numerous protozoal cysts. The porencephalic cyst and gastrointestional lesions appeared to be unrelated to the protozoal infection and were suggestive of a concurrent bovine virus diarrhea infection. A few groups of protozoal tachyzoites and numerous tissue cysts were found in neuropile, particularily in neurons of the spinal cord. By light microscopy, smaller tissue cysts were found in the brain (majority from 14 to 20 microns) than in the spinal cord (majority from 20 to 48 microns). The cyst walls ranged in thickness from less than 1 micron to a maximum of 2 microns wide. Bradyzoites contained PAS-positive slender bradyzoites (5-8 x 1-2 microns). Tissue cysts reacted positively to anti-Neospora caninum sera; but unlike N. caninum, they were positive to 2 of 4 antisera against Toxoplasma gondii and to antisera to H. hammondi. Ultrastructurally, tissue cysts closely resembled a Neospora-like organism, including the finding of interneuronal protozoal cysts, thick cyst walls, a lack of micropores in the bradyzoites, and the presence of numerous micronemes oriented perpendicular to the pellicle. Ultrastructural features in the calf protozoan that have not been reported for N. caninum in dogs included the presence of numerous tubulovesicular structures in the cyst ground substance and bradyzoite vesicles that contained small vesicular structures and short, flat membrane segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neospora-like encephalomyelitis in a calf: pathology, ultrastructure, and immunoreactivity. 203 86

A double-antibody ELISA for the detection of coronaviruses in intestinal contents from turkey poults with diarrhea was developed. Antibodies were raised in rabbits and guinea pigs against a Minnesota isolate of turkey enteric coronavirus (TCV) propagated in embryonating turkey eggs and were purified by density-gradient centrifugation. The specificity of antisera was confirmed by hemagglutination-inhibition and immunoelectron microscopy. Absorption of anti-TCV hyperimmune sera with egg extracts or egg ovalbumin and the use of different dilution and blocking buffers influenced the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA. Reciprocal cross-reactivity was detected among turkey, chicken, bovine, and murine coronaviruses. Antisera to the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine, the rabbit enteric coronavirus, or the human coronavirus strain 299E failed to react with TCV. The TCV cross-reacted only moderately with the avian infectious bronchitis virus and the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine. Investigations with samples from 47 commercial turkey flocks in Quebec with episodes of transmissible enteritis revealed that the ELISA was more sensitive than was electron microscopy for detection of TCV.
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PMID:Detection of turkey enteric coronavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and differentiation from other coronaviruses. 254 41

Efforts are being made at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of USDA licensed veterinary vaccines. A hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (SNIT) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and parainfluenza (PI3) vaccines: and a tissue culture titration method for live avian encephalomyelitis virus vaccine is being pursued as a replacement for the old hatch-out chick embryo titration method. Difficulties in separating the antigen from oil emulsion products are preventing significant advances in developing in vitro testing procedures for poultry killed-virus vaccines.
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PMID:Reduction in in vivo testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories of the United States Department of Agriculture. 302 35

Spirogermanium (SG) is an azaspirane compound that incorporates the element germanium into a heterocyclic ring structure. It is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials as an anti-neoplastic agent and, in experimental animals, has suppressed adjuvant arthritis. In this study, SG suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Suppression was a dose-dependent phenomenon and doses of 28 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg given intraperitoneally five through 14 days postinoculation gave significant protection. Perivascular inflammation in the central nervous system was also suppressed in animals receiving effective doses. Although these doses were well tolerated, cytoplasmic lamellar-bodies were found in the central nervous system of all SG-treated animals. Also, animals treated with SG developed diarrhea and weight loss, although histologic study of the gastrointestinal tract revealed no lesions.
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PMID:Preliminary study on the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat with spirogermanium. 349 6

Neutralizing (NT) and hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies to calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (HEV) (strain 67N) were detected in high proportions of normal adult cattle and pigs in Japan. Since comparison of NT and HI titers in the serum samples suggested in antigenic difference between the viruses, cross NT and HI tests of these viruses were carried out with antisera raised in rabbits. The homologous NT titers were markedly higher than the heterologous titers. In HI tests essentially the same results were obtained. These findings indicate the presence of a marked difference in antigenic make-up between CDCV and HEV. NT and HI tests can clearly differentiate the viruses, although there is some cross reaction.
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PMID:Serological relation between calf diarrhea coronavirus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. 615 73

A possible antigenic relationship between the porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus-like agent (CVLA) and 6 known coronaviruses was examined by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) and by immunofluorescence (IF). CVLA did not show cross reactivity with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), canine coronavirus (CCV) hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (NCDCV) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Antigenic relationship was detected by IEM between TGEV and CCV, NCDCV and HEV and by IF between TGEV and CCV, TGEV and FIPV, HEV and NCDCV.
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PMID:An immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent study on the antigenic relationship between the coronavirus-like agent, CV 777, and several coronaviruses. 616 80


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