Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The lysosomal enzymes acid proteinase and beta-glucuronidase, were assayed in spinal cords of rats during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Histological and histochemical examination was carried out versus controls, in selected areas of the same cords biochemically assayed, to look at the distribution of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase. The biochemical assay showed a significant increase of the enzyme activities during the disease and the increase was significantly correlated with the intensity of the disease. The distribution in the nervous tissue of the increase in acid phosphatase activity observed in animals with EAE, suggests that endogenous nervous cells may contribute to the lysosomal enzyme increase in EAE.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzymes in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: time course and evidence of the source. 328 88

The distribution of the class II major histocompatibility (Ia) antigens has been studied in the normal nervous system and in acute lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Lewis rats with guinea pig spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant. Frozen sections from cord, including the roots and ganglia, were stained for Ia antigens, and some sections were also stained for the hydrolytic enzyme acid phosphatase. In the normal CNS and PNS, there were a few vessel-associated cells or small leukocyte-like cells which expressed Ia antigens. No cells were found which expressed both Ia and acid phosphatase [the phenotype used to describe the activated macrophage group of antigen presenting cells (APCs)]. In EAE, Ia positive cells increased in number prior to the detection of clinical signs. Some of these Ia-positive cells were thought to be astrocytes rather than inflammatory cells. At the height of the disease process large numbers of cells in the EAE lesions were Ia-positive. Among these infiltrating cells were some large acid phosphatase-positive cells which also expressed Ia antigens. These double-positive cells appeared to be APCs in the form of activated macrophages, cells known to be involved in the demyelinating processes of EAE. Our results show that some vascular and vessel-associated cells in the normal nervous system express Ia antigens. We suggest that these and other Ia-positive cells in acute EAE lesions may have a role in antigen presentation.
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PMID:Ia antigens in the normal rat nervous system and in lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 387 81

Integral immunohistochemical analysis of immune responses in frozen sections requires that, in addition to constitutively expressed membrane CD markers, less stable determinants can be reliably visualized. Therefore, we compared the commonly used acetone fixation method with pararosaniline fixation for six determinant categories. These categories included selected constitutively expressed markers, inducible co-stimulatory molecules, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (including the novel cytokine IL-18, also known as IGIF and IL-1gamma), antigen-specific antibody in plasma cells, bacterial peptidoglycan, and lysosomal acid phosphatase activity. Human spleen and mouse spleen activated by agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or TNP-Ficoll immunization were analyzed in parallel with brain tissue from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and marmoset monkeys with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Fixation with pararosaniline resulted in better morphology of all tissues and inhibited endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity in brain tissue. Most determinants could be reliably detected. Staining sensitivity and intensity were markedly increased for selected determinant-tissue combinations, e.g., for IL-4 in human spleen and CD40 in human and mouse spleen. These data show that pararosaniline is a useful alternative to acetone, resulting in superior morphology and specific staining for selected determinant-tissue combinations. This provides additional flexibility for in situ analysis of immune reactivity.
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PMID:Pararosaniline fixation for detection of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines, and specific antibody. 1065 90