Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The EEG patterns seen with encephalopathies can be correlated to cerebral imaging findings including head computerized tomography and MRI. Background slowing without slow-wave intrusion is seen with acute and chronic cortical impairments that spare subcortical white matter. Subcortical/white matter structural abnormalities or hydrocephalus may produce projected slow-wave activity, while clinical entities involving both cortical and subcortical regions (diffuse cerebral abnormalities) engender both background slowing and slow-wave activity. Triphasic waves are seen with hepatic and renal insufficiency or medication toxicities (e.g., lithium, baclofen) in the absence of a significant cerebral imaging abnormality, Conversely, subcortical/white matter abnormalities may facilitate the appearance of triphasic waves without significant hepatic, renal, or toxic comorbidities. More specific syndromes, such as Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, autoimmune limbic encephalitis, autoimmune corticosteroid-responsive encephalopathy with thyroid autoimmunity, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, have imaging/EEG changes that are variable but which may include slowing and epileptiform activity. This overview highlighting EEG-imaging correlations may help the treating physician in the diagnosis, and hence the appropriate treatment, of patients with encephalopathy.
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PMID:EEG patterns and imaging correlations in encephalopathy: encephalopathy part II. 2163 50

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows rapid non-invasive diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Current gadolinium-based contrast agents must be administered at high doses, are excreted by the kidney, and some formulations are associated with toxicity in patients with renal insufficiency. The development of nanoparticle carriers for targeted delivery of gadolinium to sites of disease would increase specificity, as well as decrease the dose of gadolinium required to obtain sufficient contrast for disease diagnosis. The plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), is a biocompatible nanoparticle platform for imaging applications. Gadolinium is rapidly incorporated into the interior of the CPMV capsid without disrupting particle integrity, and CPMV-Gd particles have relaxivity comparable to gadolinium chelates used clinically. Here we examine the ability of gadolinium-loaded CPMV particles (CPMV-Gd) to localize to lesions in the CNS in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The in vivo distribution of gadolinium-loaded CPMV (CPMV-Gd) was examined within the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). CPMV accumulated in inflammatory lesions within the brain and spinal cord, and specifically associated with CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells. These results demonstrate that CPMV is an attractive nanoparticle chelate for gadolinium for in vivo applications and may have clinical utility as a contrast agent for the detection of autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
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PMID:Localization of gadolinium-loaded CPMV to sites of inflammation during central nervous system autoimmunity. 3226 28