Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have investigated the capacity of the lymphokine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) to induce class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on astrocytes cultured from BALB/c mice. This is a mouse strain resistant to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), and in a recent report Massa et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 84 (1987) 4219-4223) indicated that BALB/c astrocytes in vitro were not susceptible to class II MHC antigen induction by IFN-gamma. We observed, in agreement with this previous report, that when primary cultures of astrocytes from neonatal BALB/c mice were just at confluence (7-10 days in vitro), IFN-gamma did not stimulate expression of class II MHC antigens. However, after 14-16 days in vitro, a population of astrocytes emerged in the cultures on which class II MHC antigens could be induced. These cells expressed the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, and were found in close association to small round superficial cells (multipotential precursor cells), and to microglia. These results indicate that the ability of astrocytes to respond to lymphokine stimulation is not completely correlated with susceptibility to EAE, and further suggest the importance of central mechanisms in the development of inflammatory brain disease.
 ...
PMID:Induction of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on a population of astrocytes from a mouse strain (BALB/c) resistant to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 233 4

Human interferon-beta (human IFN-beta) and rat interferon (rat IFN) were evaluated on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats, a delayed cellular reaction resembling human multiple sclerosis (MS). Rat IFN was active by intravenous and intracerebroventricular routes. It decreased the severity of clinical symptoms of paralysis during the 22 days of the assay. Human IFN-beta, on the contrary, had no effect when similarly tested in this rat model. Cyclophosphamide delayed the onset of paralysis, but levamisole enhanced the severity of the EAE.
 ...
PMID:Effect of rat and beta-human interferons on hyperacute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. 241 42

Lymph node cells from SJL mice immunized with guinea pig myelin basic protein proliferate in vitro to the same antigen. This proliferative response is abolished by depletion of macrophages-monocytes, but can be reconstituted by the addition of cerebral vascular endothelial cells (EC) freshly isolated from syngeneic mice with adoptively transferred acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reconstitution by EC from mice with EAE can be blocked by pretreatment of EC with syngeneic anti-I-A antisera. Freshly isolated EC from normal syngeneic mice do not restore responsiveness, but can be induced to present antigen by culture with murine recombinant immune interferon-gamma or supernatants from a variety of immune cell cultures. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that immune cells release interferon and/or other soluble factors which induce I-A molecules on EC, which subsequently acquire the capacity to present antigen. The implications of these findings relate to the migration of cells across the blood-brain-barrier into the central nervous system, and are of importance in the understanding of the pathogenesis of several neurologic disorders.
 ...
PMID:Interaction between myelin basic protein-sensitized T lymphocytes and murine cerebral vascular endothelial cells. 243 Oct 34

Highly purified rat fibroblast-derived interferon (RfIFN), was administered intraventricularly to Lewis rats affected with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Its effects on both the active and passive forms of EAE were studied. A method was devised to deliver, via a syringe pump, RfIFN (sp. act. 10(8) U/mg) into the third ventricle of control and experimental animals. Rats with either the active form of EAE (produced by injection with myelin basic protein (MBP) in Freund's complete adjuvant) or with adoptively transferred EAE were treated with RfIFN either therapeutically and/or prophylactically. In no instance was a significant difference observed, on the course of EAE, between those animals receiving RfIFN and those receiving "mock" IFN. The pharmacokinetics of the infused RfIFN were also studied.
 ...
PMID:Interferon in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: intraventricular administration. 243 23

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in PK-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. The most sensitive virus to both types of interferon was vesicular stomatitis. A porcine isolate of bovine herpesvirus type 1, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and porcine enterovirus types 1 and 2 were also highly sensitive to interferon-alpha. There was little reduction in the yield of porcine parvovirus or porcine rotavirus, while swinepox, swine influenza and transmissible gastroenteritis viruses were intermediate in their sensitivity to interferon-alpha. In addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, porcine adenovirus type 3, swine influenza, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis and porcine rotavirus were highly sensitive to interferon-beta, while swinepox, bovine herpesvirus type 1, porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine enteroviruses were less sensitive than the above viruses to interferon-beta, although all showed significant reductions in virus yield.
 ...
PMID:The interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses. 249 45

The transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be enhanced by incubating lymph node cells (LNC) from EAE rats with myelin basic protein (MBP). Addition of rat fibroblast interferon (RfIFN) to cultures of EAE-LNC just before the addition of MBP, resulted in the inhibition of the adoptive transfer of EAE. Both development of clinical signs, such as weight loss and hind limb paralysis, and histopathological lesions, lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates of the central nervous system, were inhibited by the addition of RfIFN to a final concentration of 300 U/ml or higher. This inhibition was dose dependent and appeared to be mediated primarily by the antiproliferative action of RfIFN.
 ...
PMID:Interferon in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): effects of exogeneous interferon on the antigen-enhanced adoptive transfer of EAE. 257 12

Lysosomal proteinases are increased in the tissue lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and have been implicated in the degradation of myelin proteins. The cellular origins of the increased proteinases are not known but reactive astrocytes found in areas of increased activity are candidate cells. To evaluate the potential of astrocytes as the source of these proteinases, cathepsin B (CB) and cathepsin D (CD) levels were measured in lysates of cultured astrocytes from neonatal rats. Because astrocytes are activated by inflammatory mediators in demyelinating lesions the effect of activation on proteinase levels was examined. Culture supernatants from mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with either concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced significant increases in the astrocytic proteinases. Neither PHA alone, interleukin-1, interleukin-2, nor gamma-interferon induced significant increases. Fractions of the supernatant from PHA stimulated mononuclear leukocytes were tested and activity was found in fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 45-50,000. These studies demonstrate that astrocytes contain significant amounts of CB and CD activity which can be increased by a factor or factors released by activated mononuclear leukocytes.
 ...
PMID:Activation of astrocytic lysosomal proteinases by factors released by mononuclear leukocytes. 271 Feb 77

In search of a phenotypic marker determining genetically controlled susceptibility to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in the brain--in particular, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)--we have compared the gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) induction of Ia molecules on astrocytes and macrophages from rat and mouse strains that are susceptible or resistant to this disease. We focused on Ia expression because DTH reactions to self or foreign antigens are largely mediated by lymphocytes restricted by class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our data demonstrate that Lewis (fully susceptible) and Brown Norway (BN) (fully resistant) rats are very different in that Lewis astrocytes express much higher levels of Ia than BN astrocytes. Similar data were obtained from an analysis of EAE-susceptible and -resistant mouse strains (SJL and BALB/c, respectively), which suggests that this phenomenon may be universal and not limited to only one mammalian species. At least one gene responsible for Ia hyperinduction is located outside the rat RT-1 or the mouse MHC locus. Animals congenic at the RT-1 or MHC locus of the resistant strain but with background genes of the susceptible strain exhibit intermediate levels of Ia compared to fully resistant and susceptible rodents, which fits well with the reduced EAE susceptibility of these congenic animals. Furthermore, hyperinduction of Ia is astrocyte specific, since peritoneal macrophages of susceptible and resistant strains exhibit identical profiles of Ia induction. Thus, astrocyte Ia hyperinducibility may be a major strain- and tissue-specific factor that contributes to Ia-restricted DTH reactions in the brain.
 ...
PMID:Hyperinducibility of Ia antigen on astrocytes correlates with strain-specific susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 349 2

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimental, T-cell dependent, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that can be induced in most mammals by the injection of myelinated neural tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant. Relatively small doses, 10(4.6) Units/kg, of rat interferon (IFN), specific activity 10(7.6) Units/kg, delayed the onset of the disease and significantly ameliorated the severity of EAE symptoms observed in Lewis rats. Injection of IFN at 10(5.6) U/Kg suppressed hind limb paralysis in 70 to 80% of the rats.
 ...
PMID:Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by interferon. 617 81

Comparative studies of the effectiveness of specific vaccine, exogenous interferon, and interferon inducer poly I:C in mice experimentally infected with human acute encephalomyelitis (HAE) virus showed the interferon inducer poly(I) X poly(C) to exert the highest protective activity (up to 72.5% protection). Irrespective of the inoculation route (intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous), the vaccine in combination with interferon or interferon inducer poly(I) X poly(C) produced a considerably higher level of protection of mice (78.5%) against fatal infection with HAE virus than each of the preparations used alone. Studies of the humoral and cellular immunity reactions showed that increased protection levels after the combined use of interferon inducer and vaccine were due to interferon production and activation of the mechanisms of cellular antiviral immunity.
 ...
PMID:[Combined action of a specific vaccine, exogenous interferon and an interferon inducer on the development of acute experimental encephalomyelitis]. 618 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>