Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection of swine with porcine parvovirus (PPV) and one of the possible consequences of such infection--the presence of PPV in cell cultures prepared from fetal tissues--were investigated. Transplacental infection was indicated by the presence of high titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody for PPV in serums of 0-day-old, hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs of 3 of 82 litters. All letters were farm-raised dams. Moreover, cell cultures prepared from 3 of 49 lots of fetal porcine kidneys (FPK) collected from an abattoir during an interval of 14 months were found contaminated with PPV. Because each lot was usually comprised of kidneys from 2 litters, the latter finding suggests that 3 of approximately 98 litters were infected. Prior infection of FPK cell cultures with PPV resulted in only slight interference of replication of other selected viruses; i.e., porcine enterovirus (PEV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV). Moreover, PPV and HEV were propagated in the same cell cultures during 5 serial passages of the viruses. In contrast, when copropagation of PPV and VSV was attempted, PPV was not detected after the 2nd serial passage.
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PMID:Porcine parvovirus: frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection and viral contamination of fetal porcine kidney cell cultures. 16 3

From 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different European countries were performed. The most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Minute virus of mice (MVM), Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (TEMV), Reovirus type 3 (Reo3), Sendaivirus, and Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). In mice no infections with Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM), Polyomavirus, Mouse adenovirus, and K-virus were recorded. Only two colonies were infected by Ectromelia virus. The first six virus infections of mice were also found in rat colonies as well as the rat-specific Coronaviruses (Sialodacryoadenitisvirus--SDA, Rat corona virus--RCV) and Parvovirus (Kilham rat virus--KRV, Toolan H-1 virus) being endemic. Antibodies to Bacillus piliformis were detectable in about 50% of rat stocks screened. This is in contrast to the mouse, where only about 10% of the colonies were found to be positive. A similar picture was seen for M. pulmonis which is primarily an infection of the rat. In mice no case was detected during the last two years. The number of investigations performed from guineapig, hamster and rabbit colonies was relatively low. Nevertheless, antibodies against the following antigens were detectable: In guineapig stocks: Reo3, PVM, Sendai, Simian virus 5 (SV5) and B. piliformis; in rabbits: Reo3, Sendavirus, SV5, and B. piliformis; in hamsters: PVM, LCM and B. piliformis. The overall contamination rate showed a continuous decrease until 1988. Nevertheless, about 50% of mouse and rat stocks still exhibited antibodies to one or more viral infections.
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PMID:Seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. A five year survey: 1984-1988. 232 35

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in PK-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. The most sensitive virus to both types of interferon was vesicular stomatitis. A porcine isolate of bovine herpesvirus type 1, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and porcine enterovirus types 1 and 2 were also highly sensitive to interferon-alpha. There was little reduction in the yield of porcine parvovirus or porcine rotavirus, while swinepox, swine influenza and transmissible gastroenteritis viruses were intermediate in their sensitivity to interferon-alpha. In addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, porcine adenovirus type 3, swine influenza, hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis and porcine rotavirus were highly sensitive to interferon-beta, while swinepox, bovine herpesvirus type 1, porcine parvovirus, transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine enteroviruses were less sensitive than the above viruses to interferon-beta, although all showed significant reductions in virus yield.
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PMID:The interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses. 249 45

Efforts are being made at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of USDA licensed veterinary vaccines. A hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (SNIT) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and parainfluenza (PI3) vaccines: and a tissue culture titration method for live avian encephalomyelitis virus vaccine is being pursued as a replacement for the old hatch-out chick embryo titration method. Difficulties in separating the antigen from oil emulsion products are preventing significant advances in developing in vitro testing procedures for poultry killed-virus vaccines.
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PMID:Reduction in in vivo testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories of the United States Department of Agriculture. 302 35

Twelve gnotobiotic dogs from 2 litters were allotted to 3 groups. Group A dogs received a modified-live polyvalent (canine distemper, adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza virus and Leptospira -canicola-icterohemorrhagiae bacterin) vaccine 3 days prior to oral inoculation with canine parvovirus (CPV). Group B dogs received CPV alone. Group C dogs received 1 dose of vaccine only. In none of the 9 CPV-inoculated dogs did clinical signs of CPV infection develop, although high serum antibody titers for CPV developed in all of them. However, in 2 of the 5 CPV-inoculated vaccinates, canine distemper virus encephalomyelitis subsequently developed. The results suggested that CPV exerts an immunomodulating effect on canine immune responses and may be responsible for vaccination failures in dogs.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus infection potentiates canine distemper encephalitis attributable to modified live-virus vaccine. 706 9

Virus inactivation by cold treatment with beta-propiolactone (BPL) was investigated in human cryo poor plasma and purified IgG concentrates spiked with relevant human viruses or appropriate animal model viruses. The samples were treated with 0.1 or 0.25% BPL for 300 or 480 min, respectively. Residual infectivity was determined by standard microtitration assays on tissue culture cells. The inactivation of all viruses tested was more effective in IgG than in plasma. IgG: R1=4-5.5 log10 for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Semliki Forest virus (SFV), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), murine encephalomyelitis virus (MEV), feline calicivirus (FVC), suid parvovirus (PPV), simian virus 40 (SV40); R1=2-4 log10 for suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVagm3). Plasma: R1=3-5 log10 for VSV, SFV, BVDV, SHV-1, MEV:R1=0-3 log10 for HIV-1, SIVagm3 BHV-1, FCV, PPV, SV40. After addition of SIVagm3, HIV-2, and PPV to plasma or IgG, spontaneous inactivation without further addition of BPL was observed. These results demonstrate that treatment with BPL has a limited capacity to inactivate viruses. Different inactivation kinetics were observed in plasma and IgG concentrates. Therefore, virus inactivation by BPL must be tested for individual blood products independently and should not be extrapolated from other model systems.
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PMID:Inactivation of viruses by beta-propiolactone in human cryo poor plasma and IgG concentrates. 981 21

Studies on island populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) and their viruses reveal insights into viral persistence in isolated communities. We surveyed the ectoparasites, endoparasites, and antiviral antibodies for 11 murine viruses and two bacteria of house mice inhabiting two islands off Australia. House mice on Boullanger Island were seropositive to two viruses, murine cytomegalovirus and epizootic diarrhea of infant mice. On subantarctic Macquarie Island, house mice were seropositive for five viruses: murine cytomegalovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, mouse parvovirus, epizootic diarrhea of infant mice, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. The diversity of antiviral antibodies was lower among populations of house mice on islands than those inhabiting mainland Australia. The decreased diversity of viruses in island populations of house mice may be a function of which agent the founder mice transfer to the island and related to the low densities which the host population may periodically reach over time.
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PMID:Pathogens of house mice on arid Boullanger Island and subantarctic Macquarie Island, Australia. 1473 70

Research on genetically engineered mice provides insights into the etiology, therapy, and genetic basis of human diseases. An important variable that affects the results of mouse studies is the health status of the animals. Pathogen burdens may confound observations and obscure underlying mechanisms. Mouse resource centers frequently rederive infected mouse strains. We review our experience on the use of a well-established technique, embryo transfer to rederive infected mouse strains. The following mouse pathogens were eliminated by embryo transfer: Mouse Parvovirus, Mouse Hepatitis Virus, Mouse Rotavirus, Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus, Mouse Adenovirus, Helicobacter species, endoparasites, and ectoparasites. We rederived transgenic mouse lines, gene-targeted mouse lines, and lines with spontaneous mutations. In the majority of strains, fertilized eggs for embryo transfer were obtained by mating superovulated egg donors with males of the desired genotype. A total of 309 embryo transfers were performed to rederive 96 mouse strains. The pregnancy rate was 76%; 1996 pups were born, of which 43% carried the desired genotype. We performed 44 additional embryo transfers to rederive 15 other strains. The pregnancy rate was lower (45%) and none of the 135 pups carried the desired genotype. Although we successfully eliminated the pathogens in all transfers, we were unable to obtain pups with the desired genotype in 15 of 111 mouse lines. Multiple factors affect the efficiency of rederivation by embryo transfer. They include the response to superovulation by embryo donors, the number and age of stud males, the yield of fertilized eggs, the number of embryo transfers, and genotyping.
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PMID:Rederivation of transgenic and gene-targeted mice by embryo transfer. 1551 95

There is an ongoing need to eradicate intercurrent disease from research mouse colonies. Commonly used surgical methods, however, are expensive and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of litters that could be rederived from infected mouse colonies by neonatal transfer. We immersed neonatal mice in a dilute iodine solution and transferred them to disease-free foster mothers within 48 h of birth. Donor and foster mothers were evaluated for pathogens by serology and fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of 55 donor mothers, 100% were positive serologically and 59% were positive by fecal PCR for one or more tested organisms, including mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, mouse rotavirus, and Helicobacter hepaticus. At 4 to 6 weeks after neonatal transfer, 95% of foster mothers (which served as sentinels for the transferred pups) tested free of pathogens, the exceptions being one case of mouse parvovirus 1 and two of Helicobacter spp. We suggest that cross-fostering is a viable low-cost method for rederivation of mouse colonies contaminated with pathogens such as mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, mouse rotavirus, and H. hepaticus.
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PMID:Successful rederivation of contaminated immunocompetent mice using neonatal transfer with iodine immersion. 1627 Sep 4

Limited data are available on the pathogen status of contemporary rodent colonies in Taiwan. Here we summarized the rodent pathogen diagnostic records of the Taiwan National Laboratory Animal Center during a 4-y period that representing approximately 10% of the rodent colonies in Taiwan. Demand for pathogen diagnostic service increased continuously from 2004 to 2007, with a 20% increase each year. In 2007, more than 20% of the mouse colonies were positive for mouse parvovirus, mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis, with fewer colonies diagnosed as having infections of pneumonia virus of mice, mouse adenovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and reovirus. Almost 40% of tested rat colonies were positive for Mycoplasma pulmonis and rat parvovirus, with fewer colonies containing Kilham rat virus, sialodacryoadenitis virus, pneumonia virus of mice, Sendai virus, and Syphacia spp. These data provide a sound overall picture of the health status of mouse and rat colonies in Taiwan.
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PMID:Microbial contaminations of laboratory mice and rats in Taiwan from 2004 to 2007. 1965 46


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