Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To analyze iron- and gender-dependent mechanisms possibly involved in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in this study we evaluated the effects of iron overload (IO) on iron status and lipid peroxidation processes (LPO) in tissues of female and male DA rats during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a well-established MS animal model. Rats were treated by iron sucrose (75mg/kg bw/day) or with saline solution during two weeks before the sensitization with bovine brain homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical signs of EAE were monitored during 29 days. Serum and tissues of CNS and liver were sampled before immunization and at day 13th post immunization (during acute phase of EAE). The determination of ferritin, iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and evaluation of histopathology were performed by ELISA, ICP spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that IO in female EAE rats accelerated the onset of disease. In contrast, in male rats it accelerated the progression of disease and increased the mortality rate. During acute phase of EAE female IO rats sequestered more Fe in the liver, spinal cord and in the brain and produced more ferritin than male EAE rats. Male rats, however, reacted on IO by higher production of MDA or 4-HNE in the neural tissues and showed greater signs of plaque formation and gliosis in spinal cord. The data point to sexual dimorphism in mechanisms that regulate peripheral and brain iron homeostasis and imply that men and women during MS might be differentially vulnerable to exogenous iron overload.
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PMID:Chronic iron overload induces gender-dependent changes in iron homeostasis, lipid peroxidation and clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 2757 Feb 31

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon condition accounting for 0.5-1% of all strokes. It occurs more commonly in women, particularly in the age group of 20-40 years of age due to pregnancy and oral contraceptive use. Systemic anticoagulation is recommended as first line treatment but 10-20% of patients deteriorate despite medical treatment and require surgical or endovascular interventions. We summarize a 41-year-old female with a past medical history of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis who presented with headaches and worsening mental status. Further workup confirmed inferior sagittal sinus thrombus with intraventricular hemorrhage for which she was initiated on heparin continuous infusion. Due to worsening of clot burden and cerebral edema, a right frontal external ventricular drain was placed in addition to medical management of elevated ICP. Intravenous heparin infusion was stopped intermittently for such procedures. However, even when heparin was continued, sub-therapeutic and supra-therapeutic ranges were commonly observed, making anticoagulation management challenging. A new left-sided EVD had to be placed after increased IVH and worsening of hydrocephalus due to clotting. Due to patient's clinical worsening, a microcatheter was placed in the straight sinus and continuous alteplase via intra-sinus catheter was initiated at a rate of 1 mg/hour. This was continued for 72 hours in addition to the continuous heparin infusion. Additionally, she received intraventricular alteplase 1 mg x 3 doses for IVH. Unfortunately, she continued to deteriorate despite maximal medical therapy. She was made comfort care and expired.
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PMID:Prolonged Intra-Sinus Alteplase Infusion in Severe Case of CVST. 3292 55