Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present an illustrative case of a 62-year-old woman with small cell lung cancer who developed progressive worsening of pre-existing anti-Hu antibody associated sensory neuronopathy after treatment with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, nivolumab. We review the literature and identify 6 reported cases to understand the clinical outcomes of patients with anti-Hu paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) treated with anti-PD-1 treatment. The PNS clinical spectrum comprised of encephalitis, a combination of sensory neuronopathy and anti-NMDAR encephalitis, isolated sensory neuronopathy, and encephalomyelitis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor have the potential to worsen pre-existing anti-Hu PNS and may promote the development of anti-Hu PNS.
 ...
PMID:Worsening of anti-Hu paraneoplastic neurological syndrome related to anti-PD-1 treatment: Case report and review of literature. 3205 73

Autoantibodies related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases propel research on paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). This syndrome develops autoantibodies in combination with certain neurological syndromes and cancers, such as anti-HuD antibodies in encephalomyelitis with small cell lung cancer and anti-Yo antibodies in cerebellar degeneration with gynecological cancer. These autoantibodies have roles in the diagnosis of neurological diseases and early detection of cancers that are usually occult. Most of these autoantibodies have no pathogenic roles in neuronal dysfunction directly. Instead, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are thought to have direct roles in neuronal damage. The recent discoveries of autoantibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors/channels produced in patients with autoimmune encephalomyelitis have highlighted insights into our understanding of the variable neurological symptoms in this disease. It has also improved our understanding of intractable epilepsy, atypical psychosis, and some demyelinating diseases that are ameliorated with immune therapies. The production and motility of these antibodies through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS remains unknown. Most of these recently identified autoantibodies bind to neuronal and glial cell surface synaptic receptors, potentially altering the synaptic signaling process. The clinical features differ among pathologies based on antibody targets. The investigation of these antibodies provides a deeper understanding of the background of neurological symptoms in addition to novel insights into their basic neuroscience.
 ...
PMID:Significance of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitis in Relation to Antigen Localization: An Outline of Frequently Reported Autoantibodies with a Non-Systematic Review. 3266 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4