Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25-year-old women had a fever, left cervical lymphadenopathy, neurological symptoms and signs, CSF pleocytosis and persistent high serum antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); she had a recurrence 1 year later. She was thought to have relapsing acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with chronic EBV infection. MRI revealed abnormalities, mainly in the right basal ganglia and left midbrain. At the time of the recurrence, further abnormalities appeared in the opposite basal ganglia and right cerebral white matter.
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PMID:Relapsing acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection: MRI findings. 132 29

A patient with atypical manifestations of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) encephalomyelitis is presented. The patient had unusual spinal fluid immunoglobulin abnormalities, the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, autonomic dysfunction and spinal arachnoiditis. The cisternal CSF, with a very high IgG level (34.3 mg/dl; normal less than 6.1) but a normal albumin content, displayed evidence of massive intrathecal immunoglobulin production. This was further confirmed by the presence of oligoclonal bands. These clinical manifestations have not previously been reported in encephalomyelitis associated with EBV infection.
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PMID:Unusual manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus encephalomyelitis. 184 3

The magnetic resonance and CT findings in a 10-year-old patient with neurologic abnormalities associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection are reported. Multiple focal lesions of various sizes were demonstrated with involvement at one time or another of both cerebral hemispheres, the right thalamus, the right cerebellar hemisphere, and the right optic nerve. A unique finding was the fleeting nature of the lesions with new lesions appearing as others resolved. The clinical presentation, laboratory studies, and radiologic patterns suggest the diagnosis of immune-related acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
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PMID:MR features of fleeting CNS lesions associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. 254 53

Nine Chinese children (four males, five females) in whom serology showed Epstein-Barr virus infection were studied retrospectively. They were from 1.5 to 14 years of age. Various symptoms and signs, including disturbance of consciousness, visual hallucination, cranial neuropathies and sphincter dysfunction, led to initial clinical impressions of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and neuro-degenerative disease. Electroencephalography showed focal spikes over the frontal, occipital, temporal and parietal areas. The patients underwent brain computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, and three of them underwent HMPAO SPECT. Eight patients appeared normal neurologically during follow-up, and the single patient who had spastic quadriparesis improved gradually. Though visual hallucination is not a specific presentation, it is a peculiar picture of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis seemed to be self-limiting without specific treatment in this group.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis: clinical observations in nine Chinese children. 840 62

A case of encephalomyelitis with polymerase chain reaction detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the CSF, and concurrent serologic changes consistent with acute systemic EBV infection is presented and discussed. We document involvement of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots, summarize some unusual imaging findings, and note the evolution of CSF oligoclonal bands.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus encephalomyelitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction: detection of the genome in the CSF. 915 72

Fourteen children with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis admitted to our pediatric department during the period 1988 to 1998 were collected and reviewed to characterize the clinical, laboratory and neuroradiological findings. There were 7 boys and 7 girls. The age of onset ranged from 10 months to 14 years. Among them, 5 patients belonged to Alice in Wonderland syndrome, 5 were diagnosed as acute viral encephalitis, 1 presented with acute meningoencephalitis followed by cerebellitis, the remaining 3 cases attributed to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The main symptoms were fever (43%), seizure (36%), bizarre behavior (31%), headache (21%) and metamorphopsia (36%). The presenting signs included altered consciousness (50%), meningeal sign (14%), bulbar sign (14%), cerebellar sign (7%), and cranial nerve palsy (7%). Classic findings of infectious mononucleosis were obscure. The laboratory data showed the existence of atypical lymphocyte in only one case but positive serology for EBV infection in all patients. Pleocytosis was found in 3 (30%) of 10 patients examined. Eight (67%) of 12 patients had nonspecific electroencephalographic changes in the acute stage. Computed tomography (CT) scans were abnormal in 2 (40%) of 5 patients tested; while magnetic resonance image (MRI) disclosed lesions in 5 (56%) of 9 patients, with abnormal signals in various parts of the brain. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan showed abnormal perfusion lesions in 3 (75%) of 4 patients studied. The results demonstrate the diversity of neurological manifestations of EBV encephalitis. EBV should be considered in any acute neurological illness of uncertain etiology in the pediatric population. While MRI remains the image of choice in EBV encephalitis, SPECT detects the abnormal perfusion more precisely in a substantial number of patients.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis in children. 1092 May 47

Fifty cases of postinfectious encephalomyelitis admitted to our Pediatric Department during the period 1980 to 1997 were consecutively collected and reviewed. There were 28 males and 22 females. The age of onset ranged from 9 months to 14 years. The antecedent infections included measles (6 cases), rubella (5 cases), mumps (4 cases), chicken pox (4 cases), Epstein-Barr virus infection (11 cases), mycoplasma infection (6 cases), and unknown etiology (14 cases). The cessation of measles, rubella, and mumps as causes for encephalomyelitis in our patients corresponds with the introduction of a measles-mumps-rubella nationwide vaccination program in Taiwan commencing in 1992. The main clinical symptoms were fever, headache, and/or vomiting, seizure, and motor weakness. The presenting signs included altered consciousness, meningeal signs, cranial nerve palsy, brainstem signs, involuntary movement, and cerebellar signs. Computed tomography scans were abnormal for 14 (56%) of 25 patients studied, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed lesions in 14 (82%) of 17 patients, with abnormal signals in various parts of the cerebral hemisphere, as well as in the basal ganglion, diencephalon, midbrain, brain stem, and cerebellum. Of the three patients with negative MRI findings, an abnormal finding on somatosensory evoked potential was noted for one patient, and a focal decrease in tracer uptake on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was found for the other two patients. This study demonstrates that the causative agents of postinfectious encephalomyelitis in Taiwan have changed from those of traditional exanthematous diseases to nonspecific respiratory infections and suggests that this may also be the case in other parts of the world. MRI remains the imaging method of choice, whereas other neurofunctional studies such as evoked potentials and SPECT are complementary for the diagnosis.
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PMID:Postinfectious encephalomyelitis: etiologic and diagnostic trends. 1106 80

A 28-year-old woman initially suffered high fever and headache (day 1). Aseptic meningitis was diagnosed on day 3. Limb ataxia, however, appeared on day 7, and external ophthalmoplegia and drowsiness were recognized on day 8. Urinary disturbance and orthostatic hypotension appeared on day 13. Cerebrospinal fluid showed moderately high cell counts(mononuclear cells, 51/microliter; polynuclear cells, 9/microliter). MRI T2-weighted images showed high intensity lesions in the pons and mesencephalon. No serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody was detected on day 4. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen-IgG antibody was positive, and EBV determined nuclear antigen antibody was seroconverted. EBV-DNA was detected in the CSF by PCR. These findings indicate prior infection by EBV. After intravenous dexamethasone therapy, these symptoms rapidly disappeared. Our patient showed external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and disturbance of consciousness, which are the cardinal signs in Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis. The time course of her neurological symptoms, the presence of meningitis, and the MRI findings, however, indicated the pathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis rather than Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis. We diagnosed this patient as a brainstem encephalitis associated with EBV infection.
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PMID:[A case of brainstem encephalitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection: differentiation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis]. 1172 5

Central nervous system involvement in Epstein-Barr virus infection usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis, or encephalomyelitis, mostly in the acute form of the disease. In chronic active infection, the clinical situation may also resemble acute infection as well findings of chronic inflammation such as calcification. This report presents an 8-year-old female with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and encephalitis complicated by increased intracranial pressure who was managed with repeated lumbar punctures and medical treatment including anti-edema and antiviral therapies.
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PMID:Increased intracranial pressure due to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1707 7

Two months following an Epstein-Barr virus infection, a 17-year-old white female presented with seizures, intermittent visual changes, and altered mental status. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white matter changes of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with a predilection for posterior cerebral artery distributions but without radiological evidence of arteritis. Epstein-Barr virus titers and polymerase chain reaction analysis results for the virus were consistent with postinfectious acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The symptoms and signs improved following treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Although Epstein-Barr virus can cause acute viral encephalomyelitis, the authors report a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis months after acute Epstein-Barr virus infection.
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PMID:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following infectious mononucleosis. 1762 5


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