Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological studies suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS) might be triggered by an infectious agent. Uveitis has been observed in a small percentage of MS patients. Dogs with canine distemper encephalomyelitis, another demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, have an anterior uveitis which is usually mild and asymptomatic, and dogs with persistent CNS infection and chronic distemper encephalomyelitis harbour virus persistently in the uvea. These observations in dogs suggest that pathological and virological studies of the uveitis associated with MS would be worth while.
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PMID:Does virus persist in the uvea in multiple sclerosis, as in canine distemper encephalomyelitis? 613 75

The pathogenic potential of autoimmune T cell responses to nonmyelin autoantigens was investigated in the Lewis rat using the astrocyte-derived calcium binding protein S100 beta, as a model nonmyelin autoantigen. The Lewis rat mounts a vigorous RT1B1 (major histocompatibility complex class II) restricted autoimmune response to an immunodominant S100 beta epitope (amino acid residues 76-91). The adoptive transfer of S100 beta-specific T cell lines induced a severe inflammatory response in the nervous system, but only minimal neurological dysfunction in naive syngeneic recipients. The inability of S100 beta-specific T cell transfer to induce severe disease was associated with a decreased recruitment of ED1+ macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) in comparison with that seen in severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T line cells. Moreover, unlike encephalitogenic MBP-specific T cell lines, S100 beta-specific T cell lines exhibited no cytotoxic activity in vitro. Histopathological analysis also revealed striking differences in the distribution of inflammatory lesions in MBP- and S100 beta-specific T cell-mediated disease. In contrast to the MBP paradigm, S100 beta-specific T cell transfer induces intense inflammation not only in the spinal cord, but throughout the entire CNS and also in the uvea and retina of the eye. In view of the distribution of lesions throughout the grey and white matter of the CNS we propose to term this new model experimental autoimmune panencephalomyelitis (EAP) to differentiate it from EAE. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that nonmyelin CNS autoantigens can initiate a pathogenic autoimmune T cell response, although the nature of the target autoantigen profoundly influences the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the resulting autoimmune disease. This is not simply a consequence of the distribution of the autoantigen, as both MBP and S100 beta are coexpressed in many areas of the CNS, but reflects differences in the capacity of different regions of the CNS to process and present specific autoantigens. This new model of T cell-mediated autoimmune CNS disease exhibits a number of similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS), such as its mild clinical course and the involvement of areas of the brain and eye, which are absent in myelin-mediated models of EAE. Nonmyelin autoantigens may therefore play an unexpectedly important role in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
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PMID:Experimental autoimmune panencephalitis and uveoretinitis transferred to the Lewis rat by T lymphocytes specific for the S100 beta molecule, a calcium binding protein of astroglia. 752 Apr 74

Recent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have indicated that antigens co-expressed in the retina and uvea might be of pathogenetic relevance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We investigated the clinical spectrum and magnetic resonance imaging of 11 MS patients with concomitant uveitis, and determined the frequency of clinically silent intraocular inflammation in a prospective series of 50 patients. Two of the 11 patients had panuveitis, seven had anterior, and the remaining two had intermediate uveitis. The onset of uveitis preceded that of neurological symptoms by a mean of 8.5 years (range 1-20). None of the 50 MS patients studied prospectively by using slit lamp examinations and dilated funduscopy showed any evidence of uveitis but six patients had signs of retinal inflammation ("periphlebitis retinae"). Cranial MRI did not reveal "atypical" lesional distribution in MS patients with uveitis or periphlebitis retinae. No correlation between the type of MS and uveitis, or between the degree of neurological disability and the type of uveitis was found.
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PMID:Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and concomitant uveitis/periphlebitis retinae are not distinct from those without intraocular inflammation. 1144 Jul 44