Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using lethal irradiation of recipients, adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) into Lewis (LEW) rats using (LEW x PVG/c)F1 (LPVGF1) spleen cells was successfully achieved. Recipient rats usually developed clinical signs of EAE 5 or 6 days after transfer. The EAE was characterized by the presence of a number of petechiae over the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical examination using OX27, a monoclonal antibody specific for RT1.Ac, revealed the localization of transferred F1 (RT1(1/c] cells in the LEW recipients (RT1(1]. Most of the inflammatory cells in the spinal cord lesions were stained positively for OX27, indicating that they were transferred cells. In mild EAE, more W3/25+ cells were found than OX8+ cells. OX8+ cells were predominant in severe EAE, however. Examination of the spleens of rats that developed EAE by OX27 staining revealed that transferred F1 cells gradually increased in number and reached a maximal level on days 5 and 6. In the spleens of rats that received irradiation and transfer but did not develop EAE, few transferred F1 cells were observed. In addition, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-anti-BrdU immunohistochemistry was employed to demonstrate that cell proliferation really takes place in the spleen. It was revealed that the spleens of the recipients of lethal irradiation and F1 cells contained many BrdU+ cells. Because rats given lethal irradiation alone had extremely few BrdU-positive cells in their spleens, labeled cells in the recipients of radiation and transfer originated from transferred F1 cells. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that transferred cells previously activated in vitro undergo further proliferation in the lymphoid organs of recipients to bring about the development of EAE.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by adoptive transfer of activated semiallogeneic spleen cells into irradiated rats. 246 Oct 90

The presence of a ground substance in brain provides a mechanism by which edema localized to one region of the white matter might occur without spreading diffusely into the adjacent tissues. The most common such localization is the sparing of the arcuate white matter when the deeper white matter is markedly edematous. This may be related to the higher concentration of mucopolysaccharides in the former. Petechial hemorrhages in the white matter may be surrounded by a zone free of edema, although the hemorrhagic zone itself is almost certainly edematous. This, and the presence of a central zone within some of the petechiae forming a ring hemorrhage may reflect the influence of the ground substance. Focal lesions of the dorsum of the corpus callosum and similar lesions of the basal surface of the pons, these probably due to traumatization by the contiguous falx or arteries, are characterized by myelin loss and axon preservation, a characteristic of edema; the surrounding tissues are not edematous. Severe hypertension is sometimes associated with the presence of clusters of focal perivenous demyelinating lesions in the white matter, the axons being preserved. These resemble the lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and may be due to edema; they are surrounded by nonedematous white matter. It is suggested that the same concept may apply to the focal demyelinating lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, central pontine myelinolysis and of multiple sclerosis, i.e. the "true" demyelinating diseases, just as has already been suggested for diffuse sclerosis.
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PMID:The influence of the ground substance on the extracellular water of normal and edematous human brain: focal edema and the demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. 735 71

A 54-year-old woman had an episode of sudden oral bleeding and generalized petechiae 1 week after a sore throat and diarrhea. On admission, the platelet count was 0.1 x 10(4)/microl, and the platelet-associated IgG level was elevated. Hyperplasia of megakaryocytes in a bone marrow specimen and aberrant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody patterns led to a diagnosis of EBV-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Prednisolone (PSL) promptly restored her platelet count; however, she developed disorientation and affective lability soon after PSL was tapered. Subsequently, she ran a high fever and developed convulsive seizures. T2-weighted MRI demonstrated a high signal area in the subcortical white matter, and no abnormal findings were found on examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. The diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was made and steroid pulse therapy was started, which resulted in remission of the symptoms without recurrence in the following months. This is the first reported case of ADEM following EBV infection during treatment for ITP. Administration of PSL for ITP might mask the presenting clinical picture of ADEM. The possibility of ADEM should be investigated in patients of ITP following viral infection who develop acute encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis during treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. 1870 83