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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A virus was isolated in Egypt from brain and liver collected from domestic pigeons suffering from nervous disorders. The morphological and biophysical properties of the virus were consistent with it being a member of the family Herpetoviridae. Antigenically the virus was closely related to if not identical with pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus.
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PMID:Pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus in Egypt. 628 51

The blast transformation test revealed a high level of lymphocyte sensitization to human acute encephalomyelitis virus in 12 out of 29 (41.9%) patients with multiple sclerosis in the early stages of the disease and in the period of exacerbation in patients with long-term disease. The pattern of the blast transformation test in response to herpes simplex and measles viruses did not depend on the duration of the disease. High, moderate, and low levels of lymphocyte blast transformation reaction to herpes and measles viruses were observed in patients with multiple sclerosis with similar average durations of the disease.
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PMID:[Cellular immunity study of multiple sclerosis in the lymphocyte blast transformation reaction to the viruses of acute human encephalomyelitis, herpes and measles]. 629 70

Day-old chicks were susceptible to pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) by intracerebral (i/c) inoculation. Infected birds developed neurologic signs starting from 2 to 15 days post-infection, and 85% died. The virus was recovered from the brains of diseased chicks in titers ranging between 104 and 105.5 EID 50/0.2 ml. Inoculated birds shed the virus in their droppings throughout the 2 weeks observation period. Day-old chicks given the virus by the intranasal (i/n) or oral routes did not develop any specific signs but shed the virus also in their droppings throughout the observation period. Ducklings and goslings inoculated intravenously (i/v), i/n or orally were resistant. Day-old chicks and ducklings, goslings and quails inoculated by different routes with pigeon herpesvirus (PHV) did not show respiratory or nervous signs.
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PMID:Susceptibility of day-old chicks and ducklings, goslings and quails to pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis and pigeon herpesviruses. 630 4

Two strains of pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus BVC 78, a virulent field strain, and BVC 78 T7, a cell-culture-adapted strain, were assayed in embryonated chicken eggs and in chicken-embryo-fibroblast (CEF) cell culture to investigate their cytopathogenicity, growth kinetics, plaque characters, and virulence. In CEF the BVC 78 induced syncytia 24-48 hr postinoculation (PI), while the BVC 78 T7 induced only cell rounding 72 hr PI. The strains differed in growth patterns in CEF. The BVC 78 and BVC 78 T7 strains had respective logarithmic phases at 24 and 72 hr PI and maximum virus yields at 36 and 120 hr PI. The BVC 78 T7 was more cell-associated than the BVC 78, the ratio of cell-bound to cell-free virus was about 2 for the former and near unity for the latter. In CEF the BVC 78 induced plaques 1-2 mm in diameter by the third day PI, while the BVC 78 T7 produced small plaques 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter by the 5th day PI. The BVC T7 strain was of low killing capacity for chicken embryos, in contrast to the high killing capacity of the BVC 78. Pigeons inoculated subcutaneously with the former strain and challenged 21 days later with the virulent strain proved resistant.
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PMID:Viral encephalomyelitis of pigeons. V. Comparative studies of virulent and cell-culture-adapted virus. 743 64

Growth and cytopathogenicity of pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) in avian and mammalian cell cultures were investigated. The virus was cytopathogenic to all avian primary cell cultures tested and produced large syncytia with intranuclear inclusions. Viral antigen was detected in the nuclei of infected cells 6 hr postinoculation. Infective virus, however, was obtained 8 hr post-inoculation. Maximum virus yields in avian cell cultures were reached 72 hr postinoculation. In mammalian cell lines tested, the virus proved to be cytopathogenic except in swine embryo kidney cell lines. The cytopathic effect in mammalian cell lines was characterized by the rounding and clumping of cells., Moderate virus yields were obtained with lamb kidney and bovine embryo thymus cell lines, but not with other cell lines tested. Growth behavior of the virus in cell cultures in comparison with other human and avian herpesviruses is discussed.
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PMID:Viral encephalomyelitis of pigeons. IV. Growth of the virus in tissue cultures. 744 32

Eight brain magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) and one spinal MRI of 7 small infants and children with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) were retrospectively studied. Hypointense and hyperintense areas of gray and white matters on T1- and T2- weighted images, respectively, were commonly present, with temporal lobes being the most common lesion sites. Hemorrhagic lesions were found in 4 patients (57%). Early involvement of the white matter, as early as day 4, was a common MRI finding in these patients. One patient had relapsed encephalomyelitis, whose spinal MRI showed diffuse hyperintense T2 signals from the lumbar spinal cord to the conus medullaris. All patients but one survived with major neurological sequelae. Our results indicate that MRI is a sensitive diagnostic modality in cases of HSE, and early involvement of white matter is not an uncommon MRI finding of HSE. Spinal MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of relapsed herpes encephalomyelitis.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of herpes simplex encephalitis. 893 6

Infections of the central nervous system by Herpes simplex viruses (Herpes simplex type 1 and Herpes simplex type 2) are uncommon in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and are often clinically and pathologically atypical. We have collected 11 cases of herpes simplex encephalomyelitis in AIDS patients reported in the literature. Only 3 of these cases presented with a typical, necrotizing, limbic encephalitis. Other clinicopathological patterns included ventriculitis, rhombencephalitis and myelitis. Ventriculitis and rhombencephalitis were usually due to infection by HSV-1, whereas myelitis was mostly due to HSV-2 infection. Distinction between the 2 types of virus is often difficult by immunohistochemistry due to frequent cross reactivity and usually requires tissue culture, in situ hybridization, or polymerase chain reaction. Association of HSV encephalomyelitis with productive infection of the central nervous system by the human immunodeficiency virus was only found in one case. In contrast, co-infection with cytomegalovirus was found in 9 of the 11 cases. One case also had had varicella zoster virus vasculitis, and another case also had a cerebral malignant non Hodgkin's lymphoma in which Epstein Barr virus genome was identified. This supports the view that concomitant herpes-virus infections of the central nervous system is a characteristic feature of AIDS.
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PMID:[Central nervous system infection due to Herpes simplex virus in AIDS]. 938 7

A primary demyelinating form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) resembling human multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in Callithrix jacchus marmosets following immunization with human white matter. Participation of a T-cell immune response against myelin basic protein (MBP) in this disease model is supported by observations of increased reactivity against MBP in PBMC and of adoptive transfer of an inflammatory form of EAE by MBP-reactive T-cells. To evaluate the effects of ectopic presentation of MBP on marmoset EAE, animals were vaccinated prior to induction of EAE by subcutaneous injection of attenuated strains of vaccinia virus genetically engineered to contain either the entire coding sequence for human MBP (vT15) or the equine herpes virus glycoprotein gH gene (vAbT249). Vaccination with vT15 was followed by transient cytoplasmic and surface membrane expression of MBP in circulating PBMC (15-45 days). The onset of clinical EAE after immunization (pi) was markedly delayed in vT15-vaccinated animals (37-97 days pi, n = 4) compared to vAbT249-vaccinated controls (14-18 days pi, n = 3). Proliferative responses against MBP but not against vaccinia antigens or phytohemagglutinin were suppressed in protected animals. Thus, development of attenuated live viruses carrying genes for myelin antigens could be useful for induction of immunologic tolerance and for modulation of autoimmune demyelination.
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PMID:Inhibition of allergic encephalomyelitis in marmosets by vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding for myelin basic protein. 939 84

We report on a 10-year old previously healthy boy who exhibited a fulminant and nearly monophasic clinical course of demyelinating encephalitis with relapsing intracranial hypertension syndrome. Histologic examination of a diagnostic brain biopsy revealed an inflammatory demyelinating process with perivascular T lymphocytic infiltration and axonal damage reminiscent of multiple sclerosis-like lesions. In the brain, the DNA of human Herpes virus 6 (HHV6) was detectable. Eleven months after the initial symptoms and on maintainance with oral steroids, MRI showed demyelination of both hemispheres as well as demyelination of the brain stem and Wallerian degeneration. The boy exhibited a severe neurologic defect syndrome. The clinical and radiological course is unusual because of the asymmetric progression of the encephalitis and the extensive confluent lesions without demarcated border or enhancement of the rim after injection of gadolinium. The clinical course showed no definite steroid response. The pathogenetic relevance of HHV6 remains elusive. Although single patients with HHV6-associated encephalomyelitis have been reported, HHV6 DNA is occasionally detected in brains of healthy individuals.
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PMID:Fulminant course in a case of diffuse myelinoclastic encephalitis-- a case report. 1131 1

In recent years, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) have been achieved due to the prevalence of antiviral drugs and the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test the cerebrospinal fluid. The several clinical forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections of the central nervous system (CNS), including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and brainstem encephalitis, have been clarified. However, fatal, prolonged, or relapsed cases are still observed, and early detection and appropriate treatment is necessary to lead to a good prognosis for these intractable HSE cases. In adult HSV-2 infections, meningitis and myelitis associated with genital herpes are common. In the past, HSV-2 myelitis has been reported as a form of fatal necrotizing myelopathy; however, using PCR and magnetic resonance imaging studies, mild surviving cases are increasingly likely to be identified. Meanwhile, various CNS syndromes resulting from the herpes group viruses, including varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus have also been reported. These herpesviruses have several characteristics in common, e.g., they exist in the latent state and they occur in both mucocutaneous and CNS infections. Adult HSV-1 and -2 infections of the CNS are discussed together with other herpes group virus infections of the CNS.
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PMID:Herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. 1197 Nov 55


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