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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of central nervous system white matter, typically occurs following childhood viral infections. Although CT may demonstrate abnormalities, many children have normal CT studies in spite of widespread neurologic abnormalities. We report a series of five patients with the typical clinical presentation of disseminated encephalomyelitis who were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In each case the children presented with progressive subacute neurologic abnormalities including headache, diplopia, ataxia, hemiparesis, seizures, dysarthria, and/or coma. CT was nondiagnostic. MRI clearly demonstrated multifocal white matter lesions of the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum which corresponded to clinical signs. The patients improved dramatically with corticosteroid therapy. MRI showed progressive resolution of multifocal lesions in conjunction with clinical improvement.
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PMID:MRI in children with postinfectious disseminated encephalomyelitis. 395 36

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) follows certain viral infection or vaccinations, which has a close etiological relationship to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Immunological examinations have not been sufficiently carried out on human ADEM except postmeasles encephalomyelitis. The most important pathogenic role in ADEM might be changes of immune regulatory mechanisms by virus infection. Therefore, it would be very useful to investigate cytokine, adhesion molecules and receptors on neural cells and endothelial cells in the central nervous system. Recently, the incidence of postvaccinated encephalomyelitis has reduced. Neurologic complications of immunization have been still reported, however, there is no scientific method to prove that the association is causal or coincidental in an individual case.
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PMID:[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]. 799 95

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, an infrequent demyelinating disease, complicates some common infections of childhood and is sometimes seen after vaccination particularly after rabies vaccination. We describe a six years old girl who had an upper respiratory tract infection two weeks prior to death. In a retrospective analysis we found that she also had received 14 doses of rabies vaccine eight months before her illness. The clinical and pathological features of this disease and its relationship with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis are analyzed.
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PMID:[Acute postinfectious encephalomyelitis. A case report]. 827 35

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) occurs late in the course of viral infection, mainly exanthematous diseases such as measles, chicken pox, and rubella. Postinfectious encephalomyelitis is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination, which is found in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and virus cannot be isolated from the central nervous system. The investigations using animal models infected with. Theiler's virus or measles virus would be very useful for clarifying the mechanisms of demyelination induced by viral infection. Although the incidence of postvaccinal encephalomyelitis has fallen markedly due to development of vaccines, the neurological complications following immunization are still reported. The vaccines prepared from viruses other than live-attenuated viruses and whole-killed organisms have never been proved to induce ADEM.
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PMID:[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]. 910 97

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare central nervous system demyelinating disease that occurs most frequently in children. It usually runs a monophasic course, beginning with fever, headache, and meningeal signs and rapidly progressing to coma when appropriate diagnosis and treatment are not provided. We report a case of a 14-year-old patient to alert emergency physicians to consider acute disseminated encephalomyelitis when presented with any child with encephalitic signs with nonspecific cerebrospinal fluid findings, failure to detect any causative agent, and only mild alterations on computerized tomography scan. The role of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis is emphasized.
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PMID:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: an unusual cause of encephalitic syndrome in childhood. 951 30

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, can occur after viral infections or vaccinations. We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings in a 52-year-old man in whom acute disseminated encephalomyelitis developed after accidental self-injection of an industrial hog vaccine. The protracted and progressive clinical course, despite high-dose parenteral corticosteroid therapy, was altered by aggressive plasmapheresis.
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PMID:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after accidental injection of a hog vaccine: successful treatment with plasmapheresis. 986 20

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a monophasic, immune-mediated disorder that produces multifocal demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system. It is characterized clinically by the acute onset of neurologic abnormalities, including varying degrees of mental state changes ranging from drowsiness to coma. It is unusual for the illness to present as an isolated acute psychosis. The case of a 14-year-old female with biopsy-confirmed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, who was initially diagnosed with an acute psychiatric disorder, is presented, and published reports on this unusual manifestation are reviewed. A Medline database search was performed from 1965 to 1999, using the terms acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, postvaccinal encephalomyelitis, postinfectious encephalomyelitis, and measles encephalomyelitis, combined with the terms psychosis, psychiatric disorder, and behavioral disorder. Selected cross-referenced reports were also reviewed. Nine patients were identified who presented with acute psychosis. We conclude that, although rare, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis can present as an acute psychosis. This immune-mediated condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurologic disorders presenting as a psychiatric illness.
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PMID:ADEM: literature review and case report of acute psychosis presentation. 1066 99

Two patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after repeated injection of extracts from several different plants are described. There was no evidence of prior infection or vaccination. Both patients recovered rapidly after treatment with methylprednisolone. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a rare complication of parenteral therapy with herbal extracts.
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PMID:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after parenteral therapy with herbal extracts: a report of two cases. 1099 May 14

MRI has facilitated diagnostic assessment of the corpus callosum. Diagnostic classification of solitary or multiple lesions of the corpus callosum has not attracted much attention, although signal abnormalities are not uncommon. Our aim was to identify characteristic imaging features of lesions frequently encountered in practice. We reviewed the case histories of 59 patients with lesions shown on MRI. The nature of the lesions was based on clinical features and/or long term follow-up (ischaemic 20, Virchow-Robin spaces 3, diffuse axonal injury 7, multiple sclerosis 11, hydrocephalus 5, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 5, Marchiafava-Bignami disease 4, lymphoma 2, glioblastoma hamartoma each 1). The location in the sagittal plane, the relationship to the borders of the corpus callosum and midline and the size were documented. The 20 ischaemic lesions were asymmetrical but adjacent to the midline; the latter was involved in new or large lesions. Diffuse axonal injury commonly resulted in large lesions, which tended to be asymmetrical; the midline and borders of the corpus callosum were always involved. Lesions in MS were small, at the lower border of the corpus callosum next to the septum pellucidum, and crossed the midline asymmetrically. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the other perivenous inflammatory diseases caused relatively large, asymmetrical lesions. Hydrocephalus resulted in lesions of the upper part of the corpus callosum, and mostly in its posterior two thirds; they were found in the midline. Lesions in Marchiafava-Bignami disease were large, often symmetrically in the midline in the splenium and did not reach the edge of the corpus callosum.
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PMID:Classification of acquired lesions of the corpus callosum with MRI. 1115 83

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating syndrome that occurs infrequently in children. Various treatment modalities, such as plasmapheresis or steroids or intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), have been prescribed. The article describes the results of combined IVIG and high-dose steroids given for 3 days in the treatment of a patient with atypical encephalomyelitis. The results suggest that this approach may be more beneficial than the application of either drug alone.
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PMID:Improvement of atypical acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. 1127 64


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