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Query: UMLS:C0014070 (encephalomyelitis)
 13,017 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gross and microscopic pathological findings are presented for an African green monkey model of fatal Bolivian hemorrhagic fever. Six animals were inoculated with 1,000 plaque-forming units of Machupo virus, the etiological agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever. Five of the monkeys died within 13 days with signs of fever, anorexia, shock, and hemorrhage. The sixth monkey survived until the 24th day and died with signs of central nervous system disease. Gross lesions in the five monkeys that die in the acute stage included hepatic necrosis, necrotic enteritis, bronchopneumonia, and hemorrhages in the subcutis, lungs, intestine, liver, and lymph nodes. Microscopically, necrosis was consistently seen in liver, intestine, skin, oral cavity, and adrenal cortex. Acute thrombosis was observed in four monkeys, in blood vessels of the intestine, lung and choroid of the brain. Gram-negative bacteria were seen in many tissues, suggesting terminal bacteremia. The sixth monkey was emaciated and had bronchopneumonia, but did not have the necrotic hepatic and enteric lesions observed in the other five monkeys. The significant microscopic lesions in this monkey included encephalomyelitis, ganglionitis, and bronchopneumonia.
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PMID:Pathology of Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever in the African green monkey. 9 59

We report the case of a 57 year old woman with typical clinical features of the stiff man syndrome (SMS) and antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (antiGADAb), who developed a supranuclear gaze palsy, ileus and died of bronchopneumonia eight years after the onset of illness. Post mortem examination revealed perivascular lymphocyte cuffing throughout the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and spinal cord and neuronal loss in medial anterior horns of the cervical spinal cord. These findings support the notion that the SMS and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity (PER) form a clinical and pathologic continuum.
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PMID:Pathological evidence of encephalomyelitis in the stiff man syndrome with anti-GAD antibodies. 1209 49

A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) influenza virus (HK483) isolated from the third patient during the outbreak of chicken and human influenza in Hong Kong in 1997 was shown to be neurovirulent in mice. HK483 was inoculated intranasally to mice, and the invasion routes of the virus in the central nervous system (CNS) were investigated by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization. The pathological changes consisted of bronchopneumonia, ganglionitis, and nonpurulent encephalomyelitis of the brain stem and the anterior part of the thoracic cord. Viral antigens and viral nucleic acids (RNA and mRNA) were demonstrated in the pterygopalatine, trigeminal and superior ganglions prior to or simultaneously with their detection in the CNS. The antigens and nucleic acids were also observed in the olfactory bulb from an early stage of the infection. In the spinal cord, virus-infected cells were first demonstrated in the grey matter of the thoracic cord. The virus, which primarily replicated in the lungs, was considered to invade the thoracic cord via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves and sympathetic nerves. These findings indicate that the virus reached the CNS through afferent fibers of the olfactory, vagal, trigeminal, and sympathetic nerves following replication in the respiratory mucosa.
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PMID:The invasion routes of neurovirulent A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) influenza virus into the central nervous system after respiratory infection in mice. 1211 16

From September 1997 to March 2002, a total of 84 children were admitted to Chang Gung Children's Hospital due to influenza A virus infection. Influenza A virus infection was documented in 61 cases by viral isolation from throat and in 23 cases by serologic studies. The mean age of patients was 43.8 months, ranging from 20 days to 16 years. Forty-one (49%) patients were male. Lower respiratory tract infection (53 of 84 cases) was the most common clinical manifestation, occurring predominantly in children younger than 5 years (49 of 53 cases). The types of lower respiratory tract infection included bronchiolitis/bronchopneumonia in 33 cases, pneumonia in 17, and croup in 3. Central nervous system dysfunction was noted in 26 patients, predominantly in older children (18 of 26 cases). This included encephalopathy in 11 cases, encephalitis in 10, aseptic meningitis in 2, psychosis in 1, febrile convulsions in 1, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 1. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mild in most patients. Diarrhea occurred in 18.4% of the children younger than 5 years, compared with only 8.4% of the older children. By contrast, abdominal pain was more common in older children (16.7%) than in younger children (6.7%). Ten children had leukocytosis (white blood cell > or = 15000 /microL) and 9 of them were younger than 5 years. Eleven children had a C-reactive protein level greater than 100 mg/L and 10 of them were younger than 5 years. The mean duration of fever and hospitalization were 4.6 +/- 2.8 days and 7.4 +/- 5.7 days, respectively. The clinical outcomes were excellent in all but 1 patient who died from intractable pulmonary hemorrhage. The frequency and duration of hospitalization due to influenza A virus is much greater than generally thought in Taiwan, suggesting an urgent need for educational programs to increase awareness of the characteristics and risks for this illness.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of children with influenza A virus infection requiring hospitalization. 1288 62

The virus of equine encephalomyelitis (eastern strain) evokes in the horse, calf, sheep and dog an unusually intense encephalomyelitis characterized by acute primary degeneration of nerve cells, the appearance in neurons of the brain stem and elsewhere of nuclear inclusions resembling those in Borna disease and poliomyelitis, polymorphonuclear infiltration in the nervous tissues with early microglial proliferation, and perivascular cuffing with mononuclears and polymorphonuclears in varying proportions. The grey matter is affected more than the white. Lesions may be less marked in the striatum, brain stem and cord than in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamic region, and are always of low grade in the cerebellum. Meningeal infiltration is secondary. Similar changes produced in the horse by the western strain of virus are less intense and extensive. In the guinea pig, rabbit and mouse, the eastern virus causes an acute encephalomyelitis which, as is usual in neurotropic virus diseases of these lowly species, has a special tendency to affect the higher olfactory centers. In addition to inclusions in the nerve cells, tiny oxyphilic bodies occur with less frequency in the glial and mesodermal nuclei of the guinea pig. In this animal, too, interstitial or bronchopneumonia may complicate the picture. In the guinea pig the disease resulting from infection with the western virus may be indistinguishable from that due to the eastern.
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PMID:THE HISTOLOGY OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. 1987 Feb 64