Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report two patients with esophageal carcinoma with high levels of serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Patient 1 was a 66-year-old man in whom the serum calcium level was also high, and patient 2 was an 81-year-old woman. The serum PTHrP level was 411 pM (normal range, 13.8-55.3pM) in patient 1 and 94.5 pM in patient 2 (in whom the serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor level was also high). We demonstrated PTHrP immunohistologically in esophageal carcinoma cells in both patients. After admission, patient 1 died of pneumonia on the 17th day of hospitalization (the 48th day after he had had an episode of frequent hiccuping) and patient 2 died of acute circulatory failure on the 12th day of hospitalization (the 25th day after she had vomited after a meal). Neither of these patients died of cancer. Pneumonia in patient 1 was believed to be due to weakened body defenses, while the acute circulatory failure in patient 2 was due to emaciation. Since esophageal carcinoma with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and leukocytosis is characterized by rapid progression and metastasis, early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory.
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PMID:Esophageal carcinoma with high serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) level. 1045 86

A transplantable tumor line (IP) was established in syngeneic rats from a spontaneous pulmonary carcinoma found in a male F344 rat aged 25 months. A tissue fragment of IP grew into a nodule, 2-3 cm in diameter, 2-3 weeks after implant, and IP has been serially passed through 26 generations. Lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells, the primary tumor consisted of completely alveolar architecture. However, IP tumors developed various growth patterns such as glandular, acinar, trabecular, cord, and solid, and consisting of epithelial cells showing cellular atypia. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had microvilli, basement membranes, and desmosomes, and occasional cells possessed dense cytoplasmic granules. Interestingly, it was shown by the immunohistochemistry, the RT-PCR method, and immunoradiometric assay that IP tumor cells produce parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). During a 3-week observation period after implant, IP-bearing rats showed severe emaciation, hypercalcemia, and hypophosphatemia, as well as an increase in osteoclastic areas and a decrease in shaft thickness of the femurs. These were considered to be due to a marked elevation of plasma PTHrP levels. Furthermore, IP-bearing rats developed calcification in various organs including the kidneys, lungs, and heart. These findings in IP-bearing rats were similar to those of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) reported in human cancer patients. PTHrP plays a central role in the development of HHM, but the mechanisms of HHM remain poorly understood. IP may become a useful model for studying the pathogenesis of HHM and the pathophysiological role of PTHrP.
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PMID:Establishment of a transplantable tumor line (IP) derived from rat pulmonary carcinoma, developing humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in IP-bearing rats. 1196 51

A cloned cell line (IP-B12) derived from a transplantable rat pulmonary carcinoma (IP), of which neoplastic cells produce parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), was established. Tumors induced in syngeneic F344 rats by intraperitoneal injection of IP-B12 cells had features of pulmonary adenocarcinomas, consisting of neoplastic cells immunopositive to PTHrP. The IP-B12 tumor-bearing rats developed severe emaciation and hypercalcemia, with a marked elevation of plasma PTHrP level; there was an increase in osteoclastic areas of the femur and calcium depositions in systemic organs, indicating progression to humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) in the tumor-bearing rats. In addition, the injection of IP-B12 cells into the left cardiac ventricle of syngeneic rats resulted in osteolytic skeletal metastases in the long bones and vertebrae. In the metastatic lesions, histologically, neoplastic cells showed an immunopositive reaction to PTHrP, and a prominent osteoclastic activity was seen; bone lesions, including osteolysis, fracture, and nerve compression as well as replacement of bone marrow cells by proliferated tumor cells were similar to those reported in human cancer patients with bone metastases. IP-B12 is a new animal model for HHM and osteolytic bone metastases, and will become a useful tool for studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for such conditions.
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PMID:Establishment of a transplantable rat pulmonary carcinoma-derived cell line (IP-B12) as a new model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and bone metastasis. 1285 1