Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The moose (Alces alces L.) in an acid rain affected region in south-west Sweden has developed a complex disease with numerous clinical signs, most of which are consistent with those of secondary copper (Cu) deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. The clinical signs of the moose disease reported to date include diarrhoea, anorexia, emaciation, achromotrichia, alopecia, sudden heart failure and osteoporosis. Findings at necropsy included mucosal oedema, atrophied lymphoid tissues of the mucous membranes of the alimentary tract, neuropathy, neuronal degeneration and uni- or bilateral corneal opacity. In a study of clinically healthy animals from the affected region in Sweden over a 12-year period (1982-1994), the hepatic Cu concentration decreased by 50% and the liver and kidney cadmium (Cd) concentration decreased by 25-35%, while the molybdenum (Mo) concentration increased by 20-40%. These changes are probably related to an increase in the pH of the soil and water in the moose environment and a consequent change in the uptake of these elements by the plants consumed by the moose. It is noteworthy that the occurrence of the disease in the mid 1980s coincided with increased liming undertaken to counteract the noxious effects of acid rain in this region. Clinical signs and lesions of the moose disease resemble those reported for Cu deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. To elucidate the complex, multi-faceted clinical signs of the moose disease, the clinical signs and necropsy findings are discussed in relation to the biochemical functions of certain well-known Cu-dependent enzymes, e.g. depigmentation of hair due to depressed tyrosinase activity, osteoporosis by depressed lysyl oxidase activity, sudden heart failure due to decreased activity of lysyl oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase; in addition, mucosal lesions and ulcerations due to loss of activity of diamine oxidase as well as of lysyl oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase. It is concluded from the present findings that the moose disease is most probably a Cu deficiency and/or a molybdenosis-type syndrome.
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PMID:'Mysterious' moose disease in Sweden. Similarities to copper deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. Biochemical background of clinical signs and organ lesions. 949 61

The clinical signs of a disorder known locally as "shakeback disease" in yaks in the North of the Qing Hai-Tibetan Plateau of China were defined: they included emaciation, unsteady gait, a 'shivering' back and deprived appetites. Coat colour was not affected. The mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood and hair from yaks in affected ranches in this region were compared with those of 20 samples from unaffected areas. The mean concentration of molybdenum (Mo) in soil and forage was 4.85+/-0.21 and 4.96+/-0.25 microg/g (dry matter), respectively; the mean copper (Cu) to Mo ratio in the forage was only 1.34+/-0.36 compared to 8.12+/-1.31 for unaffected areas. The mean concentrations of Cu in blood and hair from the affected yaks were 0.29+/-0.17 and 3.51+/-1.12 microg/g, respectively, compared with 0.85+/-0.24 and 6.42+/-1.21 microg/g, for controls. The highest value for Cu in the blood of affected yaks was 0.58 mug/g and the lowest 0.03 microg/g (the corresponding highest values for unaffected yaks were 1.03 mug/g, the lowest 0.56 microg/g). There was a hypochromic microcytic anaemia and a low level of ceruloplasmin in the blood. The Cu deficiency in yaks was most severe during pregnancy and lactation, but oral administration of copper sulphate prevented and cured the disease. We conclude that "shakeback disease" of yaks in this region is probably caused by a secondary Cu deficiency, mainly due to the high Mo content in soils and forage.
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PMID:Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak. 1649 Jul 20

Fifteen cattle, with the typical copper deficiency symptoms of scouring and emaciation, gained .45 pound more daily after receiving copper injections than the control group in a three-month period. Copper injections did not prevent scouring on this ranch in the North Okanagan Valley. Copper deficiency symptoms have occurred in this area whenever cattle have been restricted to forage from ground-water soils though animals improve when moved to upland soils. Dairy calves and beef cattle are most frequently affected. Subclinical deficiencies may be more important economically than the easily recognized severe deficiencies.The average copper level in pasture forage on this ranch was 10.2 ppm and copper content of forage was not related to scouring. The average molybdenum level was 8.8 ppm but the molybdenum content of 9.7 ppm in affected forage was high compared to 2.2 ppm in forage from a pasture where scouring did not occur and 4.2 ppm in pasture which caused less scouring. The average copper to molybdenum ratio was 1.0 in the affected forage which was low compared to the ratio of 4.3 in forage from the pasture where scouring did not occur and 2.3 in forage from the pasture where there was less scouring. Manganese tended to be higher in non-scouring forage. Sulphur contents were high but not related to the degree of scouring. In a 1957 survey on farms not far from this ranch, no difference was found between the copper and molybdenum contents of scouring and non-scouring forage though copper was double and molybdenum comparable to levels found on this ranch. However, in the survey, scouring forage contained .65 per cent sulphur whereas non-scouring forage only contained .26 per cent.
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PMID:Ruminant Mineral Nutrition. The Effect of Copper Injections on Weight Gains and Haemoglobin Levels of Cattle Pastured on Ground-Water Soils in The British Columbia Interior. 1764 6

There is a lack of information on mineral requirements of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). In addition, mineral deficiencies or excesses may play a role in the development of parasitism/malnutrition syndrome. We measured hepatic mineral values in apparently healthy white-tailed deer from two sites in Virginia, USA, as well as in deer with presumptive parasitism/malnutrition syndrome during 2005-2007. Deer with presumptive parasitism/malnutrition syndrome that were displaying signs of emaciation and chronic diarrhea had significantly higher mean hepatic levels of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) compared with healthy deer. Healthy deer in our study from northern Virginia, USA (i.e., Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, and Prince William counties) had significantly lower mean hepatic selenium (Se) levels compared with deer from Nottoway County, Virginia, USA, which is 200 km distant. Healthy deer from northern Virginia, USA, also had significantly lower mean hepatic cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) levels. Adult deer had significantly higher mean levels of hepatic iron (Fe) compared with fawns. In addition, male deer had significantly higher mean hepatic Co levels compared with female deer. The significantly higher mean (+/-SD) level of Zn in sick deer from northern Virginia, USA (78.7+/-54.9 microg/g versus 35.8+/-7.4 microg/g in healthy deer) is potentially clinically significant, although no signs consistent with Zn poisoning were observed. All deer in our study from northern Virginia, USA, had marginal or deficient levels of Cu (mean+/-SD=27.4+/-18.3 microg/g) and Se (mean=0.08+/-0.03 microg/g), which may be predisposing this population to the development of parasitism/malnutrition syndrome.
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PMID:Hepatic mineral values of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Virginia. 2068 45