Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and WBC counts, and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypo antigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood transfusion. Our team's experience (from 1st April 1999 to 1st July 2005) with 123 units of placental umbilical cord whole blood (62 ml-154 ml mean 85 ml +/- 8.4 ml SD, median 82 ml, mean packed cell volume 48.8 +/- 4.2 SD, mean percent hemoglobin concentration 16.3 g/dl +/- 1.6 g/dl SD; after collection the blood was immediately preserved in a refrigerator and transfused within 72 hours of collection) collected after lower uterine cesarean section (LUCS), and the transfusion to 16 consenting HIV-positive patients (12 cases had full blown AIDS) with anemia and emaciation is presented here. On the basis of our preliminary experience of cord blood transfusion, we are of the opinion that umbilical cord whole blood transfusion is safe in HIV-positive patients. This blood has the potential to carry more oxygen than adult blood and it does not trigger any clinical, immunological or non-immunological reaction after its transfusion to an adult host with a HIV-positive status. Apart from the correction of anemia, there was also definite improvement in the energy and fatigue levels in individuals with HIV, i.e., physical functioning, a sense of well-being and weight gain from two to five pounds, within three to ten months of the commencement of transfusion. There was also an immediate rise in CD34 levels of peripheral blood in the HLA-randomized host after transfusion, without any clinical graft vs host reaction.
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PMID:A preliminary report of 123 units of placental umbilical cord whole blood transfusion in HIV-positive patients with anemia and emaciation. 1690 52

Harbor porpoises from the North and Baltic Seas exhibit a higher incidence of bacterial infections compared to whales from less polluted arctic waters. Toxicological analysis revealed an association between elevated body burdens of environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and lymphoid depletion in thymus and spleen of these whales. However, it remains undetermined if changes in the immune system are primarily contaminant-induced or a sequel of infectious diseases and emaciation. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes of blood cytokine mRNA levels in healthy and diseased harbor porpoises. Therefore, 29 by-caught and stranded whales were necropsied and the health status was evaluated based upon main pathological findings. Furthermore, the degree of thymic atrophy and splenic depletion was histologically graded using a semi-quantitative scoring system. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the blood was measured by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Thymic atrophy and splenic depletion were correlated with an impairment of the animals' health status. Additionally, a marked up-regulation of IL-10 was predominately found in severely diseased whales with evidence of chronic bacterial infections. Furthermore, increased IL-10 levels were associated with splenic depletion. Other investigated cytokines were not significantly associated with the health status or lymphoid depletion, respectively. The present study indicated that lymphoid depletion represents a sequel of chronic infectious diseases in a portion of investigated harbor porpoises. Regarding this, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 might represent a consequence of continuous stimulation of the immune system and induction of immunomodulatory mechanisms in this cetacean species.
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PMID:Increased blood interleukin-10 mRNA levels in diseased free-ranging harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). 1705 89

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of the bovine gut that is characterized by diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and emaciation, and ultimately leads to loss in productivity and profitability of dairy operations. The host cytokine machinery is known to play an important role in protecting against MAP infection. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess whether polymorphisms in candidate genes encoding important cytokines and cytokine receptors are associated with MAP infection status of dairy cattle. MAP infection status was evaluated based on serum and milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for MAP-specific antibodies. Twenty previously reported polymorphisms in genes encoding bovine interferon gamma (IFNG), IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IL22, IL22RA1, IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R were genotyped in a resource population of 446 dairy Holsteins with known MAP infection status, and logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association with a binomial MAP infection status phenotype. Four SNPs in IFNGR2, IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R were found to be associated with the MAP infection status of the resource population. These results underscore the importance of cytokines and their receptors in conferring protection against MAP infection and warrant further functional characterization of these associations.
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PMID:Bovine IFNGR2, IL12RB1, IL12RB2, and IL23R polymorphisms and MAP infection status. 2159 88