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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study involved 14 ostriches of both sexes between 3 and 24 mo of age. Some hematologic and biochemical parameters were studied in animals with stomach impaction. Clinical examination of the birds revealed anorexia, emaciation, decreased defecation, listlessness, separation from the flock, and recumbence. The total number of leukocytes (10.4 x 10(3) mm3), the concentrations of serum glucose (166 mg/dl), and total protein (2.4 g/dl) decreased; serum creatine phosphokinase (1240 U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (598 U/L) increased; whereas no changes were found in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and copper. Medical treatment was initiated in 13 animals; six of them recovered and seven birds died. Necropsy revealed edema, erosions, and hemorrhagic ulcers in the stomach of the dead birds. Foreign bodies such as sand; stone; pieces of wood, glass, and plastic; and metallic objects were encountered in the stomach at the necropsy. In one bird, metallic foreign body was diagnosed and the bird was referred to surgery. Under stress factors, ostriches tend to eat foreign material; therefore, adequate housing, nutrition, and care are crucial in prevention of stomach impaction.
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PMID:Stomach impaction in ostriches (Struthio camelus): blood chemistry, hematology, and treatment. 1224 48

Nursing sickness, the largest single cause of mortality in adult female mink (Mustela vison), is an example of a metabolic disorder, which develops when the demands for lactation require extensive mobilization of body energy reserves. The condition is characterized by progressive weight loss, emaciation, and dehydration with high concentrations of glucose and insulin in the blood. Morbidity due to nursing sickness can be as high as 15% with mortality around 8%, but the incidence is known to vary from year to year. Stress has been shown to trigger the onset of the disease and old females and females with large litters are most often affected. Increasing demand for gluconeogenesis from amino acids due to heavy milk production may be a predisposing factor. Glucose metabolism is inextricably linked to that of protein and fats. In obesity (or lipodystrophy), the ability of adipose tissue to buffer the daily influx of nutrients is overwhelmed (or absent), interfering with insulin-mediated glucose disposal and leading to insulin resistance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family play an important role in modulating insulin signalling and glucose uptake by peripheral tissue. The increasing demand on these fatty acids for milk fat synthesis towards late lactation may result in deficiency in the lactating female, thus impairing glucose disposal. It is suggested that the underlying cause of mink nursing sickness is the development of acquired insulin resistance with 3 contributing key elements: obesity (or lipodystrophy), n-3 fatty acid deficiency, and high protein oxidation rate. It is recommended that mink breeder females be kept in moderate body condition during fall and winter to avoid fattening or emaciation. A dietary n-3 fatty acid supplement during the lactation period may be beneficial for improved glycemic control. Lowering of dietary protein reduces (oxidative) stress and improves water balance in the nursing females and may, therefore, prevent the development and help in the management of nursing sickness. It is also surmised that other, thus far unexplained, metabolic disorders seen in male and female mink may be related to acquired insulin resistance.
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PMID:Nursing sickness in the mink--a metabolic mystery or a familiar foe? 1288 20

Circulating ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) are up-regulated in anorexia nervosa (AN) as a consequence of prolonged starvation. The current study examines the effect of nutritional rehabilitation with improvement of eating behavior on ghrelin and GH levels in AN patients during the course of inpatient treatment. The subjects included 34 female AN patients and 9 age-matched female controls. Fasting blood samples were collected before, during and after treatment. For data analysis, AN subjects were divided into three subtypes. The first group included seven patients with emergent hospitalization (E-AN), who were accompanied by severe emaciation due to their inability for food intake for more than a month. The other two groups included 14 AN with restricting (AN-R) and 13 AN with binge-eating/purging (AN-BP) patients. There were significant correlations between ghrelin, GH and body mass index (BMI) before treatment in all subjects. However, ghrelin levels were not significantly correlated with BMI and GH although there was a relationship between GH and BMI after treatment. Before treatment, E-AN patients had the highest levels of ghrelin and GH with the lowest glucose levels and liver dysfunction. The AN-BP group had a higher level of ghrelin than the AN-R group. During treatment, comparing with the controls group only the AN-R group showed higher level of ghrelin. Contrarily, the ghrelin levels in the E-AN group, who showed improved glucose levels, and the AN-BP group, who stopped vomiting behavior due to our treatment, decreased ghrelin levels. After treatment, only the AN-BP group showed a higher ghrelin level as compared to the controls. Although GH levels of the three AN groups decreased gradually according to our treatment progress, it still showed the higher value than the control group at the end of the treatment because every AN patients could not reach to more than 80% of their ideal body weight at discharge. These findings suggest that (1) severe emaciation with abnormal fasting hypoglycemia in AN patients may cause very high levels of GH and ghrelin, (2) that GH levels in AN patients may relate to nutritional status and (3) that ghrelin may be influenced by not only nutritional status but also the eating behavior of the patients.
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PMID:Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on circulating ghrelin and growth hormone levels in patients with anorexia nervosa. 1549 86

A five-year-old female dog was presented with a four-week history of inappetence, weight loss, and skin and gait abnormalities. Physical examination revealed weakness, depression, incoordination of the posterior limbs, emaciation, skin and hair coat alterations, peripheral lymphadenopathy, pale mucous membranes and fever. Laboratory analysis of samples revealed abnormalities which included anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, low serum glucose and albumin concentrations, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The diagnosis was confirmed microscopically, by demonstrating the presence of Hepatozoon canis gametocytes within neutrophils in Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears. Treatment consisting of toltrazuril and a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was effective in relieving the clinical signs and clearing the blood of H. canis gametocytes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of H. canis infection in a dog in Turkey.
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PMID:Clinical Hepatozoon canis infection in a dog in Turkey. 1560 Feb 73

We experienced a case of anorexia nervosa (AN) associated with refeeding syndrome (RS). The patient was a 24-year-old woman who was taken to the hospital emergency room in a hypoglycemic coma as a result of aggravated emaciation due to AN. On the admission day, she had severe emaciation (BW, 27kg; BMI, 11.4), malnutritional hepatitis, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and hypophosphatemia. After she was intravenously administered glucose, her level of consciousness rapidly improved. On the 7th day, we started intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). On the 13th day, she developed delirium. Because the delirium appeared after administration of IVH, we diagnosed her with RS. An EEG study disclosed frequent high-amplitude generalized slow waves. SPECT (99mTc ethyl cysteinate dimer) showed a bilateral decrease in the average blood flow. Regional blood flow was decreased bilaterally in the frontal and temporal lobes, and in the thalamus. After she recovered from the delirium and her state of nutrition improved, follow-up EEG and SPECT studies showed a decreased frequency of generalized slow waves and improved blood flow, respectively. Her serum values of P, K, and Mg had been within the normal ranges in the course of the delirium. Thus, before giving more calories to a severely malnourished patient, a physician should consider the possibility that RS will occur, even when serum electrolytes are within the normal ranges.
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PMID:[A case of anorexia nervosa associated with delirium because of refeeding syndrome]. 1570 May 34

We report herein the case of a 28-year-old man presenting with hyperglycemic chorea-ballism (HCB) in addition to mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). He was admitted to a local hospital due to weight loss, general fatigue and thirst. The patient had diabetes mellitus, with a blood glucose level of 738 mg/dl and HbA1c of 19.8%. Although insulin therapy improved hyperglycemia, he noticed involuntary movements in the right upper and lower limbs, which subsequently extended to the left side. The patient was thus transferred to our hospital. He displayed short stature (154 cm) and emaciation, and a maternal family history of diabetes mellitus was elicited. He had no history of stroke-like episode, headache, vomiting and seizure. Neurological examination revealed low intelligence (IQ 57), mild sensorineural deafness, and chorea-ballism in the extremities and head without ptosis or eye movement disturbance. Brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated areas of high density, while T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extreme hyperintensity and T2-weighted MRI showed hyperintensity in bilateral caudate nuclei, putamina and globi pallidus. HCB was diagnosed. In, CSF, lactate level was increased to 43.9 mg/dl (n, 4-16), pyruvate level was 1.65 mg/dl (n, 0.3-0.9) and total protein concentration was 59 mg/dl. Histological examination of a biopsy sample from the biceps brachii muscle demonstrated ragged-red fibers. An A3243G point mutation in the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene was detected, indicating the presence of MELAS. Involuntary movements improved on treatment with haloperidol up to 4.5 mg/day. HCB usually appears in elderly individuals, and cases less than 40-years-old are very rare. The mitochondrial dysfunction in MELAS may accelerate development of HCB.
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PMID:[A case of MELAS presenting juvenile-onset hyperglycemic chorea-ballism]. 1611 32

Absorption of fluid by the small intestine of 4-week-old to 12-week-old farmed pheasants and partridges has been studied using an inverted sac technique. The mean rate of absorption was 54 +/- 4 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) microl/g dry tissue/min in pheasants and 49 +/- 3 microl/g dry tissue/min in partridges. Use of inhibitors and ion substitution suggested transepithelial transport driven by baso-lateral Na+/K+ pumps, in combination with mucosal Na+-coupled transporters, including Cl(-)-coupled transporters. Absorption was more than halved to 17 +/- 2 microl/g dry tissue/min (P < 0.001) in birds that were very heavily infected with Spironucleus spp. in their small intestine and showing a syndrome of diarrhoea, depression and loss of weight to severe emaciation. Birds carrying light to moderate levels of infection with Spironucleus had very variable rates of absorption that were statistically similar to the controls. Doubling the glucose concentration in the buffer to 40 mM significantly enhanced absorption.
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PMID:Fluid absorption in the small intestine of healthy game birds and those infected with Spironucleus spp. 1619 10

Homeopathic Crotalus horridus 200C was evaluated in 13 clinical cases of babesiosis in dogs, compared with another 20 clinical cases treated with diminazine. Babesiosis is an important tropical tick-borne haemoprotozoan disease in dogs clinically manifested by anorexia, dehydration, temperature, dullness/depression, diarrhoea/constipation, pale mucosa, hepatomegaly, vomiting/nausea, splenomegaly, distended abdomen/ascites, yellow coloured urine, emaciation/weight loss, and occular discharge. The diagnosis of babesiosis was based on cytological evidence of Babesia gibsoni in freshly prepared blood smears. The dogs were treated with oral C. horridus 200C, 4 pills four times daily for 14 days (n=13) or diminazine aceturate 5 mg/kg single intramuscularly dose (n=20). All the dogs were administered 5% Dextrose normal saline at 60 ml/kg intravenously for 4 days. Initial clinical scores were similar in both groups and showed similar progressive improvement with the two treatments over 14 days. Parasitaemia also improved in both groups, but haematological values showed no change. No untoward reactions were observed. It appears that C. horridus is as effective in causing clinical recovery in moderate cases of canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni as the standard drug diminazine. Large scale randomized trials are indicated for more conclusive results.
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PMID:Clinical management of babesiosis in dogs with homeopathic Crotalus horridus 200C. 1743 35

The health status of 83 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta; 39 foraging, 31 nesting, and 13 stranded turtles) was analyzed using physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma protein electrophoresis, and toxicologic parameters. Significant differences were noted in a number of health parameters between turtles exhibiting each of these behaviors. On physical examinations, stranded turtles had the highest prevalence of heavy carapace epibiont loads, miscellaneous abnormalities, emaciation, and weakness. Differences in hematologic values included a lower packed cell volume, higher number of lymphocytes, and lower number of monocytes in stranded turtles; lower white blood cell counts in foraging turtles; and significant differences in total solid values among turtles exhibiting all behaviors with the lowest values in stranded turtles and the highest values in nesting turtles. Differences in plasma biochemistry values included the highest uric acid, creatine kinase, and CO(2) values in stranded turtles; the highest glucose and potassium values in foraging turtles; and the highest cholesterol and triglyceride values, and lowest alanine aminotransferase, in nesting turtles. Differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin were found using plasma biochemistry values, with lowest values in stranded turtles and highest values in nesting females, whereas differences in blood urea nitrogen between turtles included the lowest values in nesting turtles and the highest in foraging turtles. Plasma organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were below their limits of quantification in the 39 foraging, 11 nesting, and three stranded turtles tested. A statistically significant difference was noted in the level of whole blood mercury between the 23 foraging and 12 nesting turtles tested. There was no difference in arsenic or lead levels between turtles exhibiting any of the three behaviors. Although a few limitations exist with the present study and include unknown ambient temperatures, turtle handling times that varied from 15 min to 53 min per turtle, and the use of a different laboratory for processing complete blood counts and plasma biochemistries in stranded versus foraging and nesting turtles, we provide baseline blood values for two cohorts (foraging and nesting) of loggerhead sea turtles on the coast of Georgia. Additionally, we demonstrate significant differences in clinical findings and blood parameters between foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles in the region.
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PMID:Comparison of blood values in foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the coast of Georgia, USA. 1920 34

1. The injurious effects of excessive carbohydrate diet are demon strable in partially depancreatized dogs, in the same manner as in human patients. With severe diabetes there is rapid progress of emaciation and weakness and early death. 2. With milder diabetes, there is frequently a transitional state following operation, when the fate depends on the diet. If the tolerance is spared for a time, recovery sometimes occurs to such extent that diabetes cannot be produced by any kind or quantity of feeding, but only by removal of a small additional fragment of pancreatic tissue. The proper degree of carbohydrate overfeeding is important in this early period for producing the most useful type of diabetic animals; namely, those having good digestion and general health combined with a permanent lowering of assimilative power, like the condition of human patients. 3. In the early stage, glucose is more powerful than starch in producing diabetes, and animals which are progressing toward complete recovery on starch diet can be sent into hopeless diabetes by admix ture of glucose. The difference seems to be merely of the rate of absorption, and indicates that a rapid flood of carbohydrate is more injurious to the pancreatic function than a slow absorption. When ever permanent diabetes is present, so that complete recovery is impossible, starch brings on glycosuria more slowly than sugar, but just as surely. The difference in time in different cases amounts to days, weeks, or months. The clinical lesson from such experiments is that even if a patient becomes free from glycosuria on withdrawal of sugar only, nevertheless other foods should also be limited. 4. No significant differences were observed between the assimilation of different starches, or any extreme lowering of the carbohydrate tolerance by proteins, such as alleged by certain writers in connection with the "oatmeal cure." 5. Repair of traumatic inflammation and hypertrophy of the pancreas remnant have been mentioned incidentally as the basis of the early tendency to recovery, and also hydropic degeneration of Lang erhans islands as an accompaniment of the lowering of tolerance by excessive diet. These are believed to have their parallels in human cases, and are to be described more fully hereafter.
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PMID:EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DIABETES : SERIES I. PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES IN THE DOG. 1. GROSS ANATOMIC RELATIONS OF THE PANCREAS AND DIABETES. 1986 7


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