Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cases of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (Cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. Immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) skin test, the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (PPA-3) as antigens. Three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, loss of weight, and emaciation. Macroscopically, the 3 animals showed tuberculous lesions located mainly in lymph nodes of the digestive system and small intestine but also in other organs and lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on samples from the 3 deer using primers to detect IS901, IS900, and IS6110, specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, respectively. The last 2 agents cause pathologies very similar to avian tuberculosis in deer. The 3 deer were strongly positive by both ELISAs, slightly positive by the IFN-gamma test, and 1 of 2 was positive by the CCT test. As with domestic ruminants, ELISA could detect deer in an advanced stage of infection, with large numbers of mycobacteria.
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PMID:Comparison of three immunological diagnostic tests for the detection of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected red deer (Cervus elaphus). 1913 8

The health status of 83 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta; 39 foraging, 31 nesting, and 13 stranded turtles) was analyzed using physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma protein electrophoresis, and toxicologic parameters. Significant differences were noted in a number of health parameters between turtles exhibiting each of these behaviors. On physical examinations, stranded turtles had the highest prevalence of heavy carapace epibiont loads, miscellaneous abnormalities, emaciation, and weakness. Differences in hematologic values included a lower packed cell volume, higher number of lymphocytes, and lower number of monocytes in stranded turtles; lower white blood cell counts in foraging turtles; and significant differences in total solid values among turtles exhibiting all behaviors with the lowest values in stranded turtles and the highest values in nesting turtles. Differences in plasma biochemistry values included the highest uric acid, creatine kinase, and CO(2) values in stranded turtles; the highest glucose and potassium values in foraging turtles; and the highest cholesterol and triglyceride values, and lowest alanine aminotransferase, in nesting turtles. Differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin were found using plasma biochemistry values, with lowest values in stranded turtles and highest values in nesting females, whereas differences in blood urea nitrogen between turtles included the lowest values in nesting turtles and the highest in foraging turtles. Plasma organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were below their limits of quantification in the 39 foraging, 11 nesting, and three stranded turtles tested. A statistically significant difference was noted in the level of whole blood mercury between the 23 foraging and 12 nesting turtles tested. There was no difference in arsenic or lead levels between turtles exhibiting any of the three behaviors. Although a few limitations exist with the present study and include unknown ambient temperatures, turtle handling times that varied from 15 min to 53 min per turtle, and the use of a different laboratory for processing complete blood counts and plasma biochemistries in stranded versus foraging and nesting turtles, we provide baseline blood values for two cohorts (foraging and nesting) of loggerhead sea turtles on the coast of Georgia. Additionally, we demonstrate significant differences in clinical findings and blood parameters between foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles in the region.
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PMID:Comparison of blood values in foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the coast of Georgia, USA. 1920 34

In the treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis of rabbits with subsequent appraisal of the value of the therapeutic agent used, there are certain experimental factors including uniform infecting strains of trypanosomes and the observation of general procedures of method and time of inoculation conditioned by the infection itself which must be taken into account. The conspicuous and characteristic clinical signs and symptoms seen in rabbit trypanosomiasis serve as criteria of the severity and duration of the disease, and it is obvious that the infection should be well established before treatment is instituted. For the same reason, before the question of a permanent cure can be established, treated rabbits should be kept under observation for a sufficient period of time, which with the species of organisms that we have used is at least 3 months. The therapeutic results with the amide of N-phenylglycine-p-arsonic acid were obtained in rabbits which showed well marked clinical signs of a definitely established disease, and in many instances the infection was extremely advanced and of prolonged duration. The five species which we have employed, Tr. brucei, Tr.gambiense, Tr. equinum, Tr. equiperdum, and Tr. evansi, are uniformly fatal in rabbits. With the usual acute, actively progressing infection of from I to 2 weeks duration produced by our strain of Tr. brucei, the drug has a curative range of from 0.2 to 0.35 gm. per kilo of body weight, when administered intravenously in single doses, or from one-third to one-half the minimal lethal dose. Of the twenty-nine rabbits treated with doses falling within this range, twenty-five, or 86 per cent, were permanently cured and there were no relapses observed with doses above 0.3 gm. The infection produced by our strain of Tr. gambiense is controlled by a slightly lower dose, since there were no relapses with single doses of 0.3 gm. and a single dose of 0.15 gm. effected a cure in one of three rabbits so treated. The therapeutic experiments with Tr. equinum, Tr. equiperdum, and Tr. evansi are too few to admit of final conclusions, but apparently from the evidence at hand, much the same curative range is operative in Tr. evansi infections, while larger doses or a different system of treatment should have been employed in the treatment of rabbits infected with our strains of Tr. equinum and Tr. equiperdum. In addition to the ultimate curative results obtained with single doses within the curative range, it is important to consider the marked therapeutic action with smaller single doses, as shown by the rapid regression and healing of the clinical lesions of the acute infections produced by all five species of trypanosomes together with a marked improvement in the general physical state of the animal. Moreover, large single doses, above those of the so called curative range, caused no disturbance of a toxic nature and were apparently well borne. A system of repeated dose therapy may be employed with advantage in the treatment of both initial and relapsed infections in rabbits, especially in those instances in which there is induration or even necrosis of tissues with weakness and emaciation of the animal host. The factor of time of repetition or the spacing of doses is in our experience as important as that of size of the dose employed and depends upon the rate, degree, and duration of action of the particular dose of the drug in question. Since the amide of N-phenylglycine-p-arsonic add apparently possesses the power of tissue penetration to a marked degree, it is desirable to give the second dose within a short time after the first in order that it may have a full opportunity for the immediate and complete development of its action. The repetition of small doses such as 0.15 gm. per kilo of body weight on successive or alternate days has given successful results as regards both the immediate regression and healing of lesions and ultimate permanent cures in severe, chronic infections. It is possible, however, to administer increasingly large doses, if this is necessary, since infected as well as normal rabbits exhibit a remarkable tolerance to repeated large doses of the drug. The therapeutic activity of small doses administered intramuscularly is quite comparable with that observed after similar doses given intravenously, as indicated by the rate of regression and healing of clinical lesions, while such effects proceed somewhat more slowly after subcutaneous injections. Permanent cures have been obtained in Tr. brucei infection with intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of single doses of from 0.2 to 0.5 gm. of the drug per kilo of body weight and in other instances with three repeated doses of 0.1 gm. per kilo given intramuscularly. One severely infected rabbit which received 0.75 gm. per kilo per os immediately following a small dose of sodium bicarbonate was also cured. The therapeutic experiments here reported represent only a portion of those carried out with N-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid and the scope of the present paper does not permit a detailed description of the many phases of the experiments or a full discussion of the various factors involved and the results obtained, all of which we hope to publish at some future time.
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PMID:CHEMOTHERAPY OF TRYPANOSOME AND SPIROCHETE INFECTIONS : BIOLOGICAL SERIES. III. THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF N-PHENYLGLYCINEAMIDE-p-ARSONIC ACID IN EXPERIMENTAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS OF RABBITS. 1986 71

1. The injurious effects of excessive carbohydrate diet are demon strable in partially depancreatized dogs, in the same manner as in human patients. With severe diabetes there is rapid progress of emaciation and weakness and early death. 2. With milder diabetes, there is frequently a transitional state following operation, when the fate depends on the diet. If the tolerance is spared for a time, recovery sometimes occurs to such extent that diabetes cannot be produced by any kind or quantity of feeding, but only by removal of a small additional fragment of pancreatic tissue. The proper degree of carbohydrate overfeeding is important in this early period for producing the most useful type of diabetic animals; namely, those having good digestion and general health combined with a permanent lowering of assimilative power, like the condition of human patients. 3. In the early stage, glucose is more powerful than starch in producing diabetes, and animals which are progressing toward complete recovery on starch diet can be sent into hopeless diabetes by admix ture of glucose. The difference seems to be merely of the rate of absorption, and indicates that a rapid flood of carbohydrate is more injurious to the pancreatic function than a slow absorption. When ever permanent diabetes is present, so that complete recovery is impossible, starch brings on glycosuria more slowly than sugar, but just as surely. The difference in time in different cases amounts to days, weeks, or months. The clinical lesson from such experiments is that even if a patient becomes free from glycosuria on withdrawal of sugar only, nevertheless other foods should also be limited. 4. No significant differences were observed between the assimilation of different starches, or any extreme lowering of the carbohydrate tolerance by proteins, such as alleged by certain writers in connection with the "oatmeal cure." 5. Repair of traumatic inflammation and hypertrophy of the pancreas remnant have been mentioned incidentally as the basis of the early tendency to recovery, and also hydropic degeneration of Lang erhans islands as an accompaniment of the lowering of tolerance by excessive diet. These are believed to have their parallels in human cases, and are to be described more fully hereafter.
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PMID:EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DIABETES : SERIES I. PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES IN THE DOG. 1. GROSS ANATOMIC RELATIONS OF THE PANCREAS AND DIABETES. 1986 7

1. The injurious effects of excessive carbohydrate diet are demonstrable in partially depancreatized dogs, in the same manner as in human patients. With severe diabetes there is rapid progress of emaciation and weakness and early death. 2. With milder diabetes, there is frequently a transitional state following operation, when the fate depends on the diet. If the tolerance is spared for a time, recovery sometimes occurs to such extent that diabetes cannot be produced by any kind or quantity of feeding, but only by removal of a small additional fragment of pancreatic tissue. The proper degree of carbohydrate overfeeding is important in this early period for producing the most useful type of diabetic animals; namely, those having good digestion and general health combined with a permanent lowering of assimilative power, like the condition of human patients. 3. In the early stage, glucose is more powerful than starch in producing diabetes, and animals which are progressing toward complete recovery on starch diet can be sent into hopeless diabetes by admixture of glucose. The difference seems to be merely of the rate of absorption, and indicates that a rapid flood of carbohydrate is more injurious to the pancreatic function than a slow absorption. Whenever permanent diabetes is present, so that complete recovery is impossible, starch brings on glycosuria more slowly than sugar, but just as surely. The difference in time in different cases amounts to days, weeks, or months. The clinical lesson from such experiments is that even if a patient becomes free from glycosuria on withdrawal of sugar only, nevertheless other foods should also be limited. 4. No significant differences were observed between the assimilation of different starches, or any extreme lowering of the carbohydrate tolerance by proteins, such as alleged by certain writers in connection with the "oatmeal cure". 5. Repair of traumatic inflammation and hypertrophy of the pancreas remnant have been mentioned incidentally as the basis of the early tendency to recovery, and also hydropic degeneration of Langerhans islands as an accompaniment of the lowering of tolerance by excessive diet. These are believed to have their parallels in human cases, and are to be described more fully hereafter.
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PMID:EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DIABETES : SERIES I. PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES IN THE DOG. 2. EFFECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE DIETS. 1986 8

1. Certain anaerobically produced autolysates of pneumococcus injected intravenously kill mice in 0.1 to 0.2 cc. quantities in a few hours to 8 days. 2. The symptoms of mice inoculated with these autolysates are weakness and increasing prostration until death. Massive albuminuria is found, appearing 18 hours after injection. During the course of a prolonged intoxication ascites and edema of the subcutaneous tissues may develop. Large pale yellow or white kidneys are found in mice that survive 5 days. In these latter animals, emaciation is usually marked at death. 3. The antitoxin prepared in horses by immunization with the anaerobically prepared toxic autolysates of pneumococcus neutralizes the poisonous autolysates whether mixed in vitro before injection or injected separately after the autolysate. 4. The injection of pneumococcus autolysate toxin incompletely neutralized with autolysate antitoxin causes a protracted intoxication with symptoms and pathologic findings similar to those found in mice dying slowly after injections of the toxic autolysate alone.
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PMID:EFFECT OF ANAEROBICALLY PREPARED PNEUMOCOCCUS AUTOLYSATE TOXIN ON MICE AND EVALUATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS AUTOLYSATE ANTITOXIN IN MICE. 1987 Mar 98

The javelina, or collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), is indigenous to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States and ranges throughout Latin America. From June 2004 to April 2005, an estimated 105 javelinas died in a mortality event that occurred in Tucson, Arizona, and neighboring areas. Clinical signs observed in sick animals included emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, and diarrhea. In addition, some animals showed labored breathing and hind limb weakness. We necropsied 34 animals, and enteritis was the most frequent clinical sign, followed by colitis, pulmonary congestion, and pneumonia. The only consistent findings were isolations of Clostridium perfringens type A and multiple Salmonella serotypes. Although it is likely that these javelinas ultimately succumbed to salmonellosis, it is unclear whether other unidentified underlying factors were involved. This is the first reported case of widespread salmonellosis in free-ranging javelinas.
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PMID:Salmonellosis in a free-ranging population of javelinas (Pecari tajacu) in south central Arizona. 1990 70

The paper describes clinical and pathological features of Alexander's disease (AD)-like disorder in a 1 year and 8 months old French bulldog. Clinically, the dog exhibited megaesophagus, emaciation and weakness without any specific neurological symptoms. The dog died of aspiration pneumonia. On the gross observation of formalin-fixed brain, discolored foci were observed in the white matter of the cerebellum and brain stem. Histologically, numerous Rothenthal fibers and hypertrophic astrocytes were distributed especially in the perivascular, subependymal and subpial area of both the cerebrum and cerebellum. The Rosenthal fibers were intensely immunopositive for GFAP and ubiquitin. Demyelination of the white matter was occasionally found in the brain stem. The present case is likely to be categorized in the adult form of AD, though previous AD-like cases in dogs were in the juvenile form.
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PMID:Fibrinoid leukodystrophy (Alexander's disease-like disorder) in a young adult French bulldog. 2052 46

This report describes an unusual presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with predominant religious obsessions and compulsions (scrupulosity) in which the patient starved himself by keeping fast excessively to the extent of emaciation and extreme weakness even in walking and became bedridden.
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PMID:Starvation in obsessive-compulsive disorder due to scrupulosity. 2070 51

In this report, an extremely rare case of pediatric thyrotropin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma (TSHoma) is described. An 8-year-old boy, complaining of unsteady gait, was suspected of endocrinopathy because of emaciation and muscle weakness of the legs. Endocrinological work-up established a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary macroadenoma with suprasellar and sphenoidal extension without cavernous sinus invasion. He underwent an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenomectory due to the diagnosis of TSHoma. The adenoma was soft and it was totally removed. Histopathological staining confirmed diagnosis of TSHoma. Postoperative evaluation revealed a subnormal level of TSH (from 13-21 to 0.03 micro U/ml), normalization of alpha-subunit (from 10.0 to 0.09 ng/ml), and as a result, hypothyroidism. The boy left the hospital with oral levothyroxine that continued until 12 months of discharge. The present 8-year-old case is the youngest case to the best of our knowledge based on a bibliographical search. Reasons for endocrinological remission following adenomectomy are (1) correct diagnosis without delay: lack of cavernous sinus invasion, (2) soft and non-fibrous adenoma tissue, and (3) endoscopic technique with wide vision and illumination: safe even for a 8-year-old child. Early recognition/detection and pituitary-conserving adenomectomy can cure TSHoma and avoid long-term medical therapy and/or irradiation, which contribute to the best interests of patients with TSHoma.
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PMID:Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)-secretion pituitary adenoma in an 8-year-old boy: case report. 2111 40


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