Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visual functions and nutrition metabolic characteristics were studied in 8 subjects (16 eyes) with tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy (TTON). Their visual functions tested by psychophysical and electrophysiologic methods showed that 1: 1. central vision diminished in 16 eyes, 2. dyschromatopsias were found in 14 tested eyes, 3. bilateral symmetrical central or cecocentral scotomas were the visual field characteristics in all cases, 4. PVEP were severe abnormal in 3 spatial frequencies in all cases and 56.3% of 15' checkboard PVEP showed flat responses, which indicated the impairment of optic nerve dominated by the central field. However, the preserved visual responses could be obtained by FVEP test in 14 tested eyes even though their visual acuity were between the range of 0.02-0.2 and flat PVEP responses. The II and III wave latencies of primary stage were more prolonged than those of control group (P < 0.01), which further indicated the preferential demyelination corresponding to the papillomacular bundles, 5. ERG showed slightly attenuated amplitudes in 5 of 8 tested eyes, which indicated the secondary and mild retinal lesion. On the other hand, TTON occurred on a background of long-term, heavy smoking, drinking, emaciation and malnutrition bodies with low serum zinc level.
 ...
PMID:Visual functions and trace element metabolism in tobacco-toxic optic neuropathy. 130 71

Mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scandinavia (south-west Finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. The disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the Gulf of Finland from Estonia. The mange epizootic spread northwards through Finland and reached Sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. In 1984, mange was observed in most parts of Sweden. The disease was observed to spread rapidly in boreal areas, whereas it spread more slowly in agricultural areas. Mortality due to mange was very high. The duration of the disease before death due to emaciation has been shown experimentally to be over 90 days. An outbreak of fox mange among Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) occurred in 1986. The local population of Arctic foxes was caught and successfully treated. The following year, treated foxes were caught again and no signs of disease were found. Sporadic cases of fox mange have also been diagnosed in lynx (Lynx lynx), pine marten (Martes martes) and domestic dogs. Single cases have been observed in other species: wolf (Canis lupus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), domestic cat and horse. No cases of sarcoptic mange have been recorded in the badger (Meles meles). At present, although fox mange occurs as an epizootic in local populations, the number of foxes has increased again in many parts of Sweden.
 ...
PMID:Sarcoptic mange in Swedish wildlife. 130 57

A juvenile raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found moribund near Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). Upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. Histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. Cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on intestinal villi and coronavirus and parvovirus were identified in feces. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies was negative and no evidence of canine distemper was found.
 ...
PMID:Concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). 131 45

An outbreak of salmonellosis in a gerbil colony was investigated. The clinical, bacteriologic, and pathologic findings are reported. Clinical signs included an occasional sudden death, depression, emaciation, dehydration, rough hair coat, and testicular enlargement. Not every sign was observed in every infected gerbil. At necropsy, 11 animals had lesions consistent with salmonellosis. Histopathologic lesions consisted of interstitial pneumonia, hepatic and splenic necrosis, meningitis, and suppurative orchitis. Splenic and intestinal amyloidosis were also noted. Salmonella, group D, was recovered from gerbil feces, a container in which adult mosquitos were reared, filarial inoculum, and a cockroach. An epizootiologic investigation led to salmonella-infected cockroaches as the possible source of animal contamination via mosquitos and the subsequent filarial inoculum.
 ...
PMID:Salmonellosis in gerbils induced by nonrelated experimental procedure. 131 48

The overall nutritional adequacy of a purified casein-based diet (PC-diet) for the medaka (Oryzias latipes) was evaluated and compared with three diets: commercially available flaked fish food (FL-diet), live newly hatched Artemia (A-diet), and a combination of FL-diet plus A-diet (F/A-diet). Survival, growth, reproductive success, general and liver histopathology, and selected hepatic enzyme activities were compared in medaka from first feeding through reproductive maturity. The PC-diet proved adequate in all of the above criteria. When compared with fish fed F/A-diet, an initial lag in early growth rates (i.e., 0 to 30 days) occurred with the fish fed PC-diet. The FL-diet alone was not nutritionally adequate for medaka, resulting in poor growth, reduced reproductive success, lower survival, and emaciation. A significant number of spinal deformities (5.4%) were noted in medaka fed the F/A diet. Ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase and glutathione S-transferase activities were monitored and a trend toward increasing activity with age was noted. This suggests that PC- and F/A-diets provide adequate nutrition for development of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes necessary for detoxification and activation of endogenous and foreign compounds. The PC-diet supported good survival, growth, reproduction, and normal histology. This diet provides a standardized, nutritionally adequate, and consistent alternative to undefined conventional diets and is less likely to contain the range of xenobiotics possible in whole, live food.
 ...
PMID:A purified diet for medaka (Oryzias latipes): refining a fish model for toxicological research. 131 53

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) has morphological, physical and biochemical characteristics similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of AIDS in man. However, it is antigenically and genetically distinct from HIV; an antigenic relatedness with equine infectious anaemia virus has been demonstrated. FIV has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. Diagnostic tests are commercially available and attempts at preparing inactivated, subunit and molecularly engineered vaccines are being made in different laboratories. During FIV infection a transient primary illness can be recognized, with fever, neutropenia and lymphadenopathy. After a long period of clinical normalcy a secondary stage is distinguished with signs of an immunodeficiency-like syndrome. The incubation period for this stage can be as long as 5 years, during which gradual impairment of immune function develops. Many FIV-infected cats are presented for the first time showing vague signs of illness: recurrent fevers, emaciation, lack of appetite, lymphadenopathy, anaemia, leucopenia and behavioural changes. Later, the predominant clinical signs observed are chronic stomatitis/gingivitis, enteritis, upper respiratory tract infections, and infections of the skin. Neoplasias, neurological, immunological and haematological disorder are seen in a smaller proportion. The immunodeficiency-like syndrome is progressive over a period of months to years. Concomitant infection with feline leukaemia virus has been shown to accelerate the progression of disease. In vitro, phenotypic mixing between FIV and an endogenous feline oncovirus (RD114) has been demonstrated which leads to a broadening of the cell spectrum of the lentivirus. Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) has been isolated only once, and all attempts to obtain additional isolates have failed; it has been recovered from the leucocytes of cattle with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, lesions in the central nervous system, progressive weakness and emaciation. As with the feline representative, BIV also was found to possess a lentivirus morphology and to encode a reverse transcriptase with Mg++ preference; it replicates and induces syncytia in a variety of embryonic bovine tissues in vitro. Antigenic analyses have demonstrated a conservation of epitopes between the major core protein of BIV and HIV. The original isolate has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. Besides the three large open reading frames (ORFs) comprising the gag, pol, and env genes common to all replication-competent retroviruses, five additional small ORFs were found. Numerous point mutations and deletions were found, mostly in the env-encoding ORF. These data suggest that, within a single virus isolate, BIV displays extensive genomic variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Animal immunodeficiency viruses. 133 43

The earliest written report of selenium poisoning is thought to be the description by Marco Polo of a necrotic hoof disease of horses that occurred in China in 13. century. However recognition of Se as toxic principle come in the early 1930s. Severity of Se poisoning depends on chemical forms of the element, species of animals and routes of administration. The soluble Se salts (Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4) appear to be among the more toxic compounds; the Se inherent in grains and selenoamino acids (selenomethionine and selenocystine) appear to have relative moderate toxicity; the poorly soluble forms (e.g., elemental Se, Na2Se, SeS2 and diphenyl selenide) are among the least toxic of the Se compounds. In general, toxicity of Se compounds are substantially less when they are administered orally than when they are given parenterally. Rosenfeld and Beath described three clinical types of Se intoxication: acute selenosis, subacute selenosis (i.e., blind staggers type), and chronic selenosis (i.e., alkali disease type). Acute poisoning occurs when high Se content plants are consumed in large quantities within short period. Accidental acute poisoning occurs as consequence of errors in formulation of a Se supplemented diet. The most characteristic sign of acute selenosis is garlic breath due to the pulmonary excretion of volatile Se metabolites. Other signs include lethargy, excessive salivation, vomiting, dyspnea, muscle tremors and respiratory distress. Pathological findings are: congestion of the liver and kidney, fatty degeneration and focal necrosis of the liver, endocarditis and myocarditis. Subacute selenosis ("blind staggers") occurs as a consequence of exposure to large doses of Se over a longer period of time and manifests with neurological signs (e.g., blindness, ataxia, disorientation) and respiratory distress. This form of selenosis is most frequently observed in grazing animals that have consumed Se-accumulated plants. Chronic selenosis ("alkali disease") comes about when animals consume moderate levels of Se (more than 5 mg/kg and less than 40 mg/kg) for period of weeks or months. The usual clinical signs of chronic selenosis in horses, cattle and swine are: loss of hair (horses and cattle lose long hair from the mane and tails), emaciation, hoof lesions and lameness. In advanced cases liver cirrhosis, atrophy of the heart and anemia occur. In swine symmetrical poliomyclomalacia of cervical and lumbal/sacral spinal cord segment has been seen. Sheep seen to be more tolerant and get milder form of the disease. They lose appetite and have reduced gain. In growing chicks reduced gain and feed intake, rough feathers, and characteristics of nervousness has been observed. Reduced egg production, embryonic deformations and reduced hatchability has been observed in hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Selenium toxicity in domestic animals]. 134 Apr 80

FK506 is a potent immunosuppressive agent on experimental and clinical organ transplantation. We studied the the effect of this agent on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs. Graft survival was prolonged significantly with continuous administration of FK506, 0.3mg/kg/day intramuscular and 1.0mg/kg/day orally. However such symptoms as loss of appetite, nausea and extreme emaciation were observed and caused death. While bolus therapy of FK506 (3 days administration with the dose of 1.0mg/kg i.m. from 4 to 6 day postoperatively) showed the same immunosuppressive effect as continuous therapy and less side effect. Furthermore it was suggested that FK506 plasma levels were concerned with the appearance of side effect. In conclusion, the administration of FK506 with plasma level monitoring was thought to be useful on pancreas transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of FK506 on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs]. 137 26

Chronic selenium (Se) toxicosis was diagnosed in two groups of growing pigs. Emaciation, loss of hair, necrotic areas in the skin, lesions of the coronary band and hooves, postnecrotic atrophic cirrhosis of liver, and lumbal poliomyelomalacia were the principal findings. High Se concentrations were detected in blood plasma. Addition of the calculated amounts of sodium selenite directly to the feedstuff instead to mineral premix was the cause of this intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Accidental selenium poisoning of growing pigs. 137 61

An 89-week-old male chicken was presented with signs of depression, emaciation, and weakness. At necropsy, a stricture was found at the ileocecal junction that resulted in blockage and dilation of the ileum proximal to the stricture. Histologically, neoplastic epithelial cells that contained mucin had invaded the intestinal wall and produced a fibrous connective tissue reaction. The lesion was diagnosed as scirrhous intestinal adenocarcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal junction in a chicken. 141 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>