Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-week-old mixed-breed dog was examined because of emaciation and depression associated with chronic anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting. Its rectal temperature was subnormal and it died on the day of admission. At necropsy, small focal lesions were distributed through the liver. Enteric alterations included catarrhal enteritis with fluid contents, excess production of mucus, and mucosal hyperemia. Microscopically, the hepatic lesions were disseminated foci of coagulative necrosis, with little or no associated inflammatory cell response. Numerous organisms morphologically consistent with Bacillus piliformis were demonstrated within viable hepatocytes at the periphery of the necrotic foci and in the intestinal mucosa. Numerous coccidial forms were found within the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, which was focally necrotic.
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PMID:Tyzzer's disease in a dog. 127 Mar 43

A juvenile raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found moribund near Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). Upon examination, the raccoon was dehydrated, had a mucopurulent oculonasal discharge and diarrhea, and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed emaciation, severe fibrinous gastroenteritis and a small, firm liver. Histopathological findings included blunting of villi, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils and plasma cells, and mild bronchopneumonia. Cryptosporidium sp. was demonstrated on intestinal villi and coronavirus and parvovirus were identified in feces. Fluorescent antibody test for rabies was negative and no evidence of canine distemper was found.
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PMID:Concomitant cryptosporidia, coronavirus and parvovirus infection in a raccoon (Procyon lotor). 131 45

Thirty-five 6-week-old guinea fowl keets, seronegative for maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus, were infected with Herts strain (33/56) and Kumarov strain of Newcastle disease virus intramucularly (IM) or intranasally (IN). Clinical signs were first noticed four days post infection (PI) in the group infected IM but five days PI in the group infected IN with Herts strain of Newcastle disease virus. These clinical signs were similar in both groups and included anorexia, droopiness, huddling together, greenish diarrhoea and marked cachexia. Prominent nervous signs, including spasms of the head and neck, were observed in groups infected with Herts strain. The major gross lesions observed were emaciation with prominent keel bone, empty intestinal tract and distended gall bladder in most keets. The histological lesions were characterised by meningoencephalitis, necrosis and loss of lymphocytes from splenic and lymphoid aggregates. There was muscular degeneration and necrosis in the gizzard and mild pulmonary congestion and oedema in some keets. Neither gross or microscopic lesions were observed in keets that had received the Kumarov strain.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of two strains of Newcastle disease virus in the grey-breasted helmet guinea fowl. 150 75

Trimetrexate is a nonclassical folate antagonist that is active against a number of experimental murine and human tumor cell lines. To assess its toxicity, rats were administered single or repeated (daily x5) doses by either the oral or the intravenous route. Oral doses were 0, 90, 180, 295, and 375 mg/kg (single dose) and 0, 32, 65, and 80 mg/kg (daily x5). Intravenous doses were 0, 6, 20, and 60 mg/kg (single dose) and 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg (daily x5). In the oral studies, signs of toxicity first appeared 2 to 3 days after initiation of dosing. Clinical signs included hypoactivity, diarrhea, urine scald, rhinorrhea, emaciation, and death. Significant pathologic findings were degenerative enteropathy in small and large intestines, bone marrow hypocellularity, decreased WBCs (neutrophils, lymphocytes), generalized lymphoid depletion, and testicular tubular degeneration. Except for the testicular changes, these effects were most severe in animals dosed at 65 and 80 mg/kg in the oral x5 study (65-70% mortality). Repeated oral doses at 32 mg/kg and single oral doses through 375 mg/kg caused only mild to moderate effects and less than 5% mortality. In contrast, single intravenous doses at 60 mg/kg resulted in immediate death (20% mortality) due to apparent CNS toxicity. Intravenous doses below 60 mg/kg were essentially asymptomatic. Toxicity in the intravenous studies was limited to decreased WBCs, splenic and thymic lymphoid depletion (repeated dosing), and testicular tubular degeneration and/or atrophy. Except for the testicular lesions, most of the effects in the oral and intravenous studies were reversible within 4 weeks. The results show that the acute toxicity of trimetrexate in rats is somewhat dependent on its route of administration, although the spectrum of effects is qualitatively similar to that observed in other species and with other folate antagonists. The dose-limiting toxicity of trimetrexate in rats common to both routes of administration is myelosuppression.
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PMID:Toxicity of the anticancer folate antagonist trimetrexate in rats. 153 75

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) was isolated from the sinus of an adult female "wild-type" turkey found feeding with backyard chickens at a private residence in Randolph County, N.C. Clinical signs included sinusitis, dyspnea, emaciation, diarrhea, and nasal discharge. The bird was seropositive for MS and M. gallisepticum (MG) on the rapid plate agglutination test and had titers of 1:160 for MS and 1:20 for MG on the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Isolations of MS and M. gallopavonis were confirmed by the fluorescent antibody test. This case represents the first and only report of MS in a free-ranging "wild-type" turkey in the eastern United States. Behavioral and other evidence suggests that the bird was a released pen-raised turkey.
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PMID:Mycoplasma synoviae in a released pen-raised wild turkey. 156 2

The pathogenesis of the UT-1 strain, a newly isolated rat virus (RV), in juvenile and newborn rats was examined. Intracerebrally (ic) inoculated newborns developed severe pantropic infections resulting in emaciation, stunted growth, diarrhea, dehydration and icterus, and died 13 to 15 days after the inoculation. Newborns inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) developed similar, but milder diseases. The virus replicated in all the organs tested, which was followed by severe viremia. Histopathologically, diffuse vacuolation and necrosis of the hepatocytes were observed in the liver. Juvenile rats inoculated with the virus showed neither clinical signs nor histopathologic lesions, although viral recovery and antibody production were observed. Thus, we conclude that the UT-1 strain of RV caused asymptomatic infections in juvenile rats, and fatal infections with hepatic lesions in newborn rats.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of a newly isolated rat virus in newborn and juvenile rats. 165 98

Tropical sprue is a diagnosis about which we have to think when we are confronted to a patient back from overseas. We examined a young man back from Central African Republic where he got diarrhoea which keeps going on in France, with alteration of his general condition and stigmata of malabsorption. Taking advantage of such observation, the authors report on the present knowledge about that disease peculiar to tropical zone. Biological elements of malabsorption are associated to partial emaciation of villi of small intestine. As a matter of fact, diagnosis is made by elimination. Its pathogenesis remains unknown and is linked to some troubles of intestinal microbism of which exact causes has not been yet put into evidence. An easy treatment by tetracycline and folic acid is a true diagnosis test, as general condition is set up again, as well as villi intestinalis.
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PMID:[Chronic diarrhea since returning from Black Africa. "Think of tropical sprue"!]. 180 Aug 87

Flagellates from the caeca of a diseased hen and a diseased goose were transmitted to 35 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The flagellates of chicken origin were identified as Chilomastix gallinarum, Tritrichomonas eberthi, and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum. T. eberthi was not detected in the material of goose origin. Morphologic studies did not reveal any differences between Chilomastix and Tetratrichomonas specimens from chicken or goose origin. The species from the goose were identified as C. gallinarum and T. gallinarum (Syn. T. anseris Hegner, 1929). Both trichomonad species produced pseudocysts that developed in the faeces of chickens within 3 h after excretion. Only 17% of the trichomonads excreted had reached the pseudocyst stage. All three flagellate species are infective to chickens when inoculated per rectum or per os or when consumed with chlorinated tap water. The prepatency period was always less than 24 h. SPF chickens between 2 and 30 days of age were equally susceptible. The infections persisted at a high level of intensity throughout the observation periods, i.e. up to 7 months. Of 35 inoculated SPF chickens, 2 developed disease (emaciation, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea, dilatation of the caeca). The three flagellate species were cultivated in Diamond's medium for 110 days. Cryopreserved and cultivated flagellates retained their infectivity to chickens.
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PMID:Experimental infections in chickens with Chilomastix gallinarum, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and Tritrichomonas eberthi. 183 Sep 66

Four investigators conducted participative observation at 4 hamlets, representing 4 typical topography in the area, wet or dry near the river and wet or dry far from the river, in District Rambutan, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from July 1988 up until February 1989 to study the community perception and practices on diarrheal diseases (DD). The observation was supported by focus group discussions and informal interviews. It was found that the causes of DD can be grouped into: dirty water; wrong (cold, hot, sting) food; part of the growth process; physical condition (extreme heat, cold wind and inner abnormality, inner heat, muscle strain), and supernatural. The type of DD can be grouped into: mild without vomiting named ngadi, negenteng-ngentengi, nambah kepacakan, etc which was linked to the growth process; more severe diarrhea, might be with fever (mising-mising, murus, mencret, etc); more severe diarrhea with severe vomiting (muntager, kolera); bloody/mucoid stool (disentri, mising tai angin, mising umbal). The community had also the concept of prolonged diarrhea named as menerus (literally meaning prolonged) Muntaber was more associated with bad water while the prolonged one was more associated with inner abnormality. The danger of diarrhea perceived was susut = shrinkage, lisut = emaciation. Pale and red hair with lisut were recognized as the dangers of prolonged diarrhea. The community did not associate these conditions with fluid loss. The management started by self medication using tapel (pasta of herb applied) to the stomach), decoct (daun jambu, akar teratai etc), solid oral preparation (cassava with raw sugar, rast rice, etc).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Community perceptions on diarrheal diseases: a case study in swampy lowland area of south Sumatra, Indonesia. The Diarrheal Diseases Research and Training Study Group. 185 67

During studying the pathogenicity of Ascaridia galli for young Ross-Broiler chickens fed with single doses of 100, 200 and 500 infective eggs, it was found that the infected chickens showed variable decreases in body weight gain and increases in the ratio of liver weight relative to body weight when compared with the control. Both decrease and increase was proportionally related with the number of infective eggs given to the chickens. Biochemical analysis of muscle and liver tissue of the previous groups of chickens showed a decrease in both glycogen and protein content and an increase in fat content of muscle and liver of infected chickens when compared with those of normal tissues. The decrease in the glycogen content due to ascaridiasis was mostly apparent in case of 500 egg dose and that of the protein content was noted with the egg doses of 200 and 500. Each of the three egg doses showed a significant increase in the fat content of the muscle and liver of infected chickens when compared with the control. After the sixth week of infection chickens fed with 500 eggs showed emaciation, loss of colour of combs and legs and of brightness of plumage, diarrhoea, drooping wings, ruffled feathers and a gradual loss of strength manifested by leg weakness. At autopsy, the small intestine showed external macroscopic lesions of haemorrhage and congestion. Intestinal obstruction with adult Ascaridia galli was also found in the infected birds.
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PMID:Some pathological and biochemical studies on experimental ascaridiasis in chickens. 186 92


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