Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Terminal ileitis was diagnosed in three flocks of lambs in different areas of Alberta. Salient clinical features in affected lambs were progressive emaciation with diarrhea, and in some lambs, frequent abdominal stretching. Postmortem findings included thickening of the ileal, and in some animals, the jejunal, cecal and colonic mucosa as a result of mucosal infiltrates of many lymphocytes and fewer plasma cells, eosinophils, globular leukocytes, and neutrophils. Hyperplasia of intestinal lymphoid tissue was prominent in most affected lambs. The cause of the condition is unknown.
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PMID:Terminal ileitis in lambs. 1742 61

Common eiders (Somateria mollissima) were fed added Se (as L-selenomethionine) in concentrations increasing from 10 to 80 ppm in a pilot study (Study 1) or 20 (low exposure) and up to 60 (high exposure) ppm Se in Study 2. Body weights of Study 1 ducks and high-exposure ducks in Study 2 declined rapidly. Mean concentrations of Se in blood reached 32.4 ppm wet weight in Study 1 and 17.5 ppm wet weight in high-exposure birds in Study 2. Mean Se concentrations in liver ranged from 351 (low exposure, Study 2) to 1252 ppm dry weight (Study 1). Oxidative stress was evidenced by Se-associated effects on glutathione metabolism. As Se concentrations in liver increased, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, oxidized glutathione levels, and the ratio of hepatic oxidized to reduced glutathione increased. In Study 2, the T-cell-mediated immune response was adversely affected in high-exposure eiders, but ducks in the low-exposure group exhibited evidence of an enhanced antibody-mediated immune response. Gross lesions in high-exposure ducks included emaciation, absence of thymus, and loss of nails from digits. Histologic lesions included severe depletion of lymphoid organs, hepatopathy, and necrosis of feather pulp and feather epithelium. Field studies showed that apparently healthy sea ducks generally have higher levels of Se in liver than healthy fresh-water birds, but lower than concentrations found in our study. Data indicate that common eiders and probably other sea ducks possess a higher threshold, or adverse effect level, for Se in tissues than fresh-water species. However, common eiders developed signs of Se toxicity similar to those seen in fresh-water birds.
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PMID:Effects of dietary selenium on tissue concentrations, pathology, oxidative stress, and immune function in common eiders (Somateria mollissima). 1745 62

Ten-day-old cockerels were infected with N. asteroides or N. transvalensis by the oral or intraperitoneal routes. Clinical signs included depression, gasping and emaciation. Grey nodules or foci were observed in the lungs, air sacs, liver and breast muscles. These organs showed necrosis, granulomas, lymphoid follicles and infiltration of lymphocytes, heterophils and macrophages. Intraperitoneal infection resulted in a more severe disease with either organism. N. transvalensis appeared more pathogenic than N. asteroides intraperitoneally and vice versa with the oral route.
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PMID:Experimental infection of chickens with Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia transvalensis. 1867 95

Castor bean cake was prepared from castor bean seeds roasted at 140 degrees C for 20 min and found free from ricin by chemical analysis. The cake was incorporated into diets at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% levels and fed to ducks for 6 weeks. Diarrhoea, emaciation and death were observed mainly at 20 and 25% levels. Congestion of the internal organs and haemorrhagic enteritis were found at necropsy of dead birds. There were necrosis and depletion of the parenchymal cells of the liver and lymphoid organs. Most of the histopathological changes in birds killed after 5 weeks of feeding were more severe at 10 and 15% levels. These lesions included degeneration of the renal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, bile duct proliferation and lymphocytic depletion in the lymphoid organs. The average daily feed intake and weight gain were reduced while the mortality was increased at the higher levels of castor bean feeding. The toxicity of the meal could be due to either a heat stable or growth inhibiting factor or due to minute residues of ricin.
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PMID:Pathological effects of feeding roasted castor bean meal (Ricinus communis) to chicks. 1876 14

When the typhoid bacillus is injected into the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs acute peritonitis and death are produced. The character of the exudate is variable as to the elements present but is usually of a serous type with slight clouding due to the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mononuclear cells and bacteria. When the Berkefeld filtrate of this exudative material is inoculated into normal guinea pigs either subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intracardially, the character of response obtained on the part of the host is quite at variance with that produced by the inoculation of the living typhoid bacillus. A febrile reaction and marked leucopenia, as a rule, are persistent and are accentuated after each injection the latter often reaching below 1000 cells per c. mm. There is a loss of weight of a variable extent in all animals and in some the emaciation is extreme. The animals were given four such inoculations and all succumbed in from 2 to 4 weeks. The intracardiac route produces death more quickly and the reactions are more clear-cut when this route is employed. At autopsy a general tumefaction and congestion of the lymphoid structures more especially of the abdominal cavity are found. Peyer's patches and the solitary follicles of the intestinal tract are likewise involved and in some of the patches slight ulceration is noted; occasionally, there occur extreme ulceration and necrosis of the patch. The spleen is enlarged and usually softened. Microscopically, marked endothelial cell proliferation is noted especially in the lymphoid structures and in many instances the phagocytic cells of Mallory are found. These cells include within their cytoplasm elements of the surrounding structures. In the spleen there are present congestion, and hemorrhages with many "shadow" red blood cells. Phagocytosis of the red cells by the endothelial cells is present. In the liver, areas of focal necrosis are found and phagocytic cells are seen. In the animals inoculated subcutaneously, localized degenerative changes are observed especially in the muscular structures. From these results it can be seen that the reactions and injury of the animal body by the toxic filtrate employed, are quite similar to the changes produced by the specific toxin in human typhoid fever.
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PMID:THE PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID FEVER IN THE GUINEA PIG WITH AN IN VIVO PREPARED TOXIC FILTRATE OF B. TYPHOSUS. 1986 29

Fifteen 8-month-old fennec foxes imported from Sudan showed fever, mucopurulent ocular discharge, diarrhea, severe emaciation, seizures, and generalized ataxia, and died. Three of the 15 animals were presented for diagnostic investigation. Severe dehydration, brain congestion, and gastric ulcers were observed in all animals. In one animal, the lungs had failed to collapse and were multifocally dark red in appearance. Histopathologically, there were lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis with malacia, mild interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid depletion of lymphoid tissues and organs, and intestinal villous atrophy with intralesional coccidia. There were many intracytoplasmic and/or intranuclear inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the medullary velum, lungs, liver, kidneys, trachea, pancreas, stomach, gall bladder, urinary bladder, and ureters, and in macrophages of malacia foci and lymphocytes and macrophages of lymphoid organs. Additionally, intestinal coccidia were confirmed to be Isospora species by a fecal test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canine distemper with intestinal coccidiosis in fennec fox.
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PMID:Canine distemper virus infection in fennec fox (Vulpes zerda). 2029 71

The emergence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated diseases and particularly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was a shock for the swine industry and formulated a considerable challenge for researchers in the area of viral immunology in swine. The unique features of PMWS of which emaciation and lymphoid depletion were the most evident indicated a deep involvement of the immune system of the pig in the pathogenesis of this condition and indicated that PCV2 was a singular pathogen. Also, the multifactorial nature of the disease complicated the understanding of PMWS pathogenesis. Nowadays, it is known that PCV2 deeply affects the functionality of the immune system of the pig but also the industry has been able to produce efficacious vaccines. In the present paper some of the most relevant immunological features of PMWS and of PCV2 infection in general will be reviewed.
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PMID:Immunology of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). 2217 3

In the austral summer of 2011, in the rural area of Villarrica county, southern Chile (39 degrees 16'S, 72 degrees 19'W), seven black-faced ibis juveniles (approximately 4 mo old) were observed in the field with weakness; they were unable to follow the group and struggling to take flight. Three of these birds were euthanatized, and complete necropsies were performed. Gross examination showed severe infestation with Colpocephalum trispinum and Ardeicola melanopis lice, moderate emaciation, pale musculature, bursal atrophy, and severe hemorrhagic enteritis due to a heavy proventricular and intestinal infection with Porrocaecum heteropterum nematodes. Fungal pneumonia and severe lymphoid depletion on thymus, spleen, and bursa were diagnosed by microscopic examination. Bursal lesions included apoptosis and necrosis of lymphoid cells, and several cystic follicles. The presence of severe lymphoid depletion associated with fungal pneumonia and severe external and internal parasite infections suggest the presence of an immunosuppressive syndrome in these birds that caused the death of several black-faced ibis juveniles in southern Chile during the summer of 2011.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive syndrome in juvenile black-faced ibises (Theristicus melanopis melanopis) in southern Chile. 2305 Apr 84

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) approach is nowadays considered a reliable preclinical model to study in vivo cancer biology and therapeutic response. NOD scid and Il2rg-deficient mice represent the "gold standard" host for the generation of PDTXs. Compared to other immunocompromised murine lines, these mice offers several advantages including higher engraftment rate, longer lifespan and improved morphological and molecular preservation of patient-derived neoplasms. Here we describe a spectrum of previously uncharacterized post-transplant disorders affecting 14/116 (12%) NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac (NOG) mice subcutaneously engrafted with patient-derived metastatic melanomas. Affected mice exhibited extensive scaling/crusting dermatitis (13/14) associated with emaciation (13/14) and poor/unsuccessful tumor engraftment (14/14). In this context, the following pathological conditions have been recognized and characterized in details: (i) immunoinflammatory disorders with features of graft versus host disease (14/14); (ii) reactive lymphoid infiltrates effacing xenografted tumors (8/14); (iii) post-transplant B cell lymphomas associated with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation (2/14). We demonstrate that all these entities are driven by co-transplanted human immune cells populating patient-derived tumor samples. Since the exploding interest in the utilization of NOD scid and Il2rg-deficient mice for the establishment of PDTX platforms, it is of uppermost importance to raise the awareness of the limitations associated with this model. The disorders here described adversely impact tumor engraftment rate and animal lifespan, potentially representing a major confounding factor in the context of efficacy and personalized therapy studies. The occurrence of these conditions in the NOG model reflects the ability of this mouse line to promote efficient engraftment of human immune cells. Co-transplanted human lymphoid cells have indeed the potential to colonize the recipient mouse initiating the post-transplant conditions here reported. On the other hand, the evidence of an immune response of human origin against the xenotransplanted melanoma opens intriguing perspectives for the establishment of suitable preclinical models of anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
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PMID:Spontaneous Post-Transplant Disorders in NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac (NOG) Mice Engrafted with Patient-Derived Metastatic Melanomas. 2599 9

Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia is controversial and difficult to distinguish from the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. As a myeloid neoplasm, rare cases of this leukemia manifest multiple soft-tissue tumors or bone lytic lesions. In this paper, we describe a 49-year-old male patient who had an abrupt onset with sharp chest pain, fever, fatigue, emaciation, and splenomegaly. 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) result showed diffuse and uneven hypermetabolic lesions in the bone marrow with peripheral bone marrow expansion, multiple soft tissue neoplasms with high 18F-FDG uptake, and lytic bone lesions. Bone marrow smear and biopsy detected aberrant blast cells expressing myeloid rather than lymphoid immunophenotype marker. For the existence of Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene together with complex chromosome abnormalities, a diagnosis of Philadelphia-positive acute myeloid leukemia was made, although the type (de novo or blast crisis) remained unclear.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia with masses and osteolytic lesions: finding of 18F-FDG PET/CT. 2855 Jun 39


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