Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ibaraki disease, an epizootic disease of cattle in Japan resembling bluetongue, is characterized by fever and lesions affecting the mucous membranes, the skin, the musculature and vascular system. Degeneration of striated muscular tissue is observed in the oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, tongue and the skeletal muscles. Oedema and haemorrhage are marked in the mouth, lips, abomasum, around the coronets, etc., and are occasionally followed by degeneration of the epithelium leading to erosions or ulcerations. Severe lesions affecting the oesophageal and laryngopharyngeal musculature cause difficulty in swallowing which in turn produces dehydration and emaciation, and occasionally the aspiration pneumonia, which constitute the major causes of death of affected animals. These clinical and pathological findings indicate the similarity of the disease to bluetongue in sheep and cattle. Ibaraki disease was first recognised in Japan in 1959 and 1960. Seasonally its occurrence is limited to late summer and autumn, and geographically to the central and western parts of Japan, roughly south of 37 degrees north latitude. It is absent from the higher altitudes. The seasonal and geographical incidence suggests the possibility of an arthropod vector; but direct evidence for such a vector is still lacking. Serological data suggest the presence of Ibaraki virus on Bali Island in Indonesia and in Taiwan. The disease can be transmitted serially in calves by the intravenous inoculation of blood obtained at the height of a febrile reaction. Ibaraki virus can be isolated in bovine cell cultures from both natural and experimentally produced cases of the disease. The virus multiplies and induces cytopathic effects in primary cultures of bovine, sheep and hamster lung origin, and L cells; but it does not grow in primary cultures of horse and swine kidney nor in HeLa cell cultures. The virus is readily passaged serially in 4 to 5-day-old eggs by yolk-sac inoculation and incubation at 33.5 degrees C. It multiplies in the brains of mice of any age after incracerebral inoculation but younger mice give a better viral growth and develop encephalitis. No evidence has been obtained that rabbits and guinea pigs are susceptible to Ibaraki virus...
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PMID:Ibaraki disease and its relationship to bluetongue. 16 88

A 99-year-old woman was admitted to Shizuoka Shimizu Municipal Hospital because of fever and anasarca. Imaging and laboratory tests showed pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and cardiac failure. The patient died 20 days after admission. An autopsy revealed marked diffuse dilations of the biliary tree ranging from the lower common bile duct to intrahepatic bile ducts. Intrahepatic calcium bilirubinate stones and biliary sludges were recognized within the dilated bile ducts. A unilocular cyst (2 cm in diameter) was present in the pancreatic head adjacent to the lower common bile duct, and it appeared to compress the common bile duct. Histologically, the walls of the dilated biliary tree showed proliferation of peribiliary glands, fibrosis, and infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils (cholangitis). The lumens of the dilated biliary ducts contained neutral and acidic mucins, fibrinous materials, bacteria, neutrophils, and Aspergillus fungi, in addition to the calculi and sludges. The background liver showed atrophy (400 g). The pancreatic unilocular cyst was composed of mucous columnar cells with a few infoldings, and the pancreas also showed foci of mucinous duct hyperplasia and ectasia; the pathological diagnosis of the cyst was cystic dilations of a pancreatic duct branch (mucinous ductal ectasia or mucinous cyst). Other lesions included aspiration pneumonia, emaciation, atrophy of systemic organs, gastric leiomyoma, serous cystadenoma of the right ovary, and arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis. The present case suggests that a mucinous cyst of the pancreas may compress the biliary tree and lead to marked diffuse dilations of the biliary tree. Alternatively, the dilations of the bile ducts may be associated with aging or may be of congenital origin. The dilated bile ducts may, in turn, give rise to bacterial and fungal cholangitis and formation of biliary sludges and intrahepatic calcium bilirubinate stones.
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PMID:Marked diffuse dilations of the biliary tree associated with intrahepatic calculi, biliary sludges and a mucinous cyst of the pancreatic head in a 99-year-old woman. 1289 37

The paper describes clinical and pathological features of Alexander's disease (AD)-like disorder in a 1 year and 8 months old French bulldog. Clinically, the dog exhibited megaesophagus, emaciation and weakness without any specific neurological symptoms. The dog died of aspiration pneumonia. On the gross observation of formalin-fixed brain, discolored foci were observed in the white matter of the cerebellum and brain stem. Histologically, numerous Rothenthal fibers and hypertrophic astrocytes were distributed especially in the perivascular, subependymal and subpial area of both the cerebrum and cerebellum. The Rosenthal fibers were intensely immunopositive for GFAP and ubiquitin. Demyelination of the white matter was occasionally found in the brain stem. The present case is likely to be categorized in the adult form of AD, though previous AD-like cases in dogs were in the juvenile form.
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PMID:Fibrinoid leukodystrophy (Alexander's disease-like disorder) in a young adult French bulldog. 2052 46

Cricopharyngeal achalasia is a rare cause of dysphagia in the dog. However it must be differentiated from other causes of dysphagia as it is treatable with surgery. It is a disruption of the cricopharyngeal phase of the oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. There appears to be an incoordination in the swallowing process between the relaxation of the rostral, middle pharyngeal muscles and the caudal pharyngeal muscles. It is seen as a primary condition in young animals presenting soon after weaning onto solid food. The dogs appear clinically healthy unless there is secondary aspiration pneumonia or emaciation. These dogs may present as respiratory emergencies and require intensive support and treatment prior to corrective surgery. The diagnosis is made on videofluoroscopy. The condition carries a good prognosis for cure with surgical myectomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle and the thyropharyngeal muscle, which make up the upper oesophageal sphincter. Temporary relief prior to surgery can be achieved by injection of the cricopharyngeal muscle with botulism toxin. Surgical treatment for dysphagia secondary to an underlying neurological, neuromuscular or pharyngeal weakness carries a guarded prognosis and will make aspiration pneumonia worse.
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PMID:An anatomical and clinical review of cricopharyngeal achalasia in the dog. 2124 10

Panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) (Hallervorden-Spatz disease) is a rare autosomal recessive chromosomal disorder characterised by progressive neuroaxonal dystrophy. The characteristic features include involuntary movements, rigidity, mental retardation, seizures, emaciation. The anaesthetic concerns include difficult airway, aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, and post-operative respiratory, and renal insufficiency. We report successful anaesthetic management of a 9-year-old intellectually disabled male child with PKAN, scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anaesthesia.
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PMID:Anaesthetic management of a child with panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. 2568 13

A retrospective histologic study was performed for 96 deceased bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) submitted to Northwest ZooPath from 1995 to 2015. Histologic data were assessed for associations with sex, age, cause of death/euthanasia, and affected organ systems. Female bongo lived significantly longer than males. Males were more likely to die from infectious causes (41.2%), whereas most females died from chronic noninfectious conditions (54.4%) and trauma/stress (28.1%). Of those that died from infectious disease, the respiratory tract was the most commonly affected organ system. The most common infectious agents included acid-fast bacteria and fungi. Chronic conditions included amyloidosis (31.0%), inanition/emaciation (23.8%), and neoplasia (21.4%). Of the 31 animals that died with amyloidosis, 58% appeared to be clinically affected, and amyloidosis was likely an underlying cause of death in 42% of the animals. The most commonly affected organs included the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and gastrotintestinal tract. Also noteworthy was a high prevalence of adrenal gland hyperplasia and neoplasia, cystic thyroid glands, and aspiration pneumonia, which were not consistently associated with a prior anesthetic event or other obvious predisposing cause.
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PMID:RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE BONGO (TRAGELAPHUS EURYCERUS), 1995-2015. 3126 Jan 93

Crested screamers, a unique, mainly terrestrial avian species native to South America, are known to have a markedly high chick mortality rate in captivity, ranging from 61% to 94%; however, there is very limited information on this species' natural history within the literature, and even less about common diseases that affect them. Four captive-born crested screamer chicks (Chauna torquata) at a U.S. zoological institution died acutely from different causes over the course of 2.5 months. Although a hands-off approach was initially taken, each chick became acutely weak on exhibit and medical intervention was deemed necessary, but proved unsuccessful in all cases. Necropsy results of the chicks revealed various causes of death, including acute Escherichia coli colitis, aspiration pneumonia complicated by concurrent gastrointestinal Candidiasis, severe dehydration and emaciation, and acute amoebic gastroenteritis. No direct associations were found between these deaths and diet or husbandry; however, the limited literature on this topic suspects inadequate husbandry and immunosuppression to be the greatest cause of chick mortality in this species. The cases presented here are consistent with this hypothesis, but further exemplify the limited knowledge of this species and the need to optimize their survivability and proliferation in captivity.
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PMID:Mortality of four captive-born crested screamer chicks (Chauna torquata). 3136 Jun 50