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Query: UMLS:C0013911 (emaciation)
 1,059 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Records of 328 Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, and first-cross cows produced from 1960 to 1963 were used to estimate heterosis (h) and individual (gI) and maternal (gM) average breed effects on cumulative survival (CS) by ages to 12 yr, longevity (L), and size (SI) and condition of incisors at 10 to 15 yr of age. Reasons for cow disposal were also studied. The 155 cows born in 1960 and 1961 first calved at 3 yr of age, and the 173 born in 1962 and 1963 first calved at 2 yr of age. Analyses for CS and L were done for both actual culling of cows open in two consecutive years (AC) and imposed culling of any open cow (IC). The model for CS and L included cow birth year-breed of cow's sire (Y-S), sires within Y-S, breed of dam (D), and D x Y-S. For SI, the model included breed of cow, year of recording, and quadratic effect of age. Linear contrasts were used to estimate h, gI, and gM for quantitative variables, and chi-square was used for discrete variables. Under both AC (P less than .05) and IC, crossbreds exceeded straightbreds in CS to 12 yr (16.7 and 8.5%) and L (1.36 and .99 yr). Estimates of gI and gM for CS and L were generally small, except for the low (P less than .05) gM of Shorthorn cows under IC. Mortality and culling for emaciation, cancer eye, or prolapse was less for crossbreds than for straightbreds and increased with age. Crossbreds had longer (P less than .01) and better (P less than .001) teeth than straightbreds. The longer productive life of crossbred cows reduces rearing costs for replacements and increases sales of calves and cull cows.
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PMID:Heterosis for survival and dentition in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred cows. 206 99

The anticancer drug, DNR, was conjugated to an affinity-purified horse antibody to human AFP (aAFP) via a dextran bridge. The conjugate (immunoglobulin: DNR molar ratio, 1:50) was twice as potent as free DNR in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against an AFP-producing human yolk sac tumor. The in vivo effect of aAFP, DNR, and the conjugate was tested against the human yolk sac tumor growing in nude mice. The conjugate, at a concentration of DNR containing the equivalent amount of 20 micrograms or 70 micrograms/mouse significantly retarded tumor growth whereas free aAFP showed only a slight inhibition of tumor growth compared to the PBS-treated control. Mice which received 20 micrograms/mouse of free DNR showed a moderate retardation of tumor growth whereas those which received 70 micrograms/mouse of DNR or a mixture of DNR and aAFP showed emaciation and early death due to acute toxicity of the drug. These results suggest that the anti-body-drug conjugate accumulated preferentially on the AFP-producing tumor cells and that cytotoxicity occurred.
Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986
PMID:Evaluation of a conjugate of purified antibodies against human AFP-dextran-daunorubicin to human AFP-producing yolk sac tumor cell lines. 242 98

Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma (PEMP) of the thyroid is rare. Only nine patients with PEMP of the thyroid have been reported in Japan to date. We describe an additional autopsy case with PEMP of the thyroid and review of the literature in Japan. A 67-year-old women complaining of swelling of the anterior neck exhibited thin scalp hair, edematous face and a giant, hard, nodular goiter. Laboratory examination showed elevated levels of ESR, collagenous reaction, gammaglobulin, and a M-bow of the IgG-k type in immunoelectrophoresis. No Bence-Jones protein was found in the urine. Thyroid function test revealed a subclinically hypothyroid state, showing a T3 of 1.32 ng/ml, a T4 of 10.0 micrograms/dl, a TSH of 23.4 microU/ml and positive thyroid antibodies. The scintigram and the CT scan of the thyroid showed deviation of the trachea by the thyroid tumor and calcification within homogeneous thyroid gland. She underwent total thyroidectomy because of suspected malignancy. The histological examination of the removed thyroid weighing 117gr revealed a proliferation of plasma cells and lymphocytes and small amounts of atrophied thyroid follicles. The immunohistological examination of the removed thyroid showed the monoclonality to IgG-k chain. Plasma cells were stainable with methylgreenpyronine. Twenty-six months after thyroidectomy, she died due to progressive emaciation, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and ascites. Postmortem examination revealed widespread metastasized plasma cell tumors in the liver, intestine, spleen and mesentery with ischemic changes in heart and kidney. Based on our autopsy case and the nine cases reported in Japan, clinical and histological characteristics of PEMP of the thyroid were discussed.
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PMID:[Primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid--report of an autopsy case and review of the literature in Japan]. 251 13

Ten patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma were treated from 1966 to 1986. There were 7 males and 3 females. The typical clinical manifestations, marked increase of 17-ketosteroid, 17-hydroxycorticoids and DHA, and negative dexamethasone suppression test were essential for the diagnosis. Of the ten patients, eight had secretive function and their 17-ketosteroid and 17-hydroxycorticoids varied from 36.8-93 mg% and 32.5-150 mg%, respectively. DHA was measured in 5 cases with the result of 6.95-44mg%. Those without secretive functions or obvious endocrine disturbances were usually misdiagnosed as kidney tumor, splenomagaly, liver tumor or pancreatic mass. Wood had summarized that nonsecretive ACC patients commonly had fever, pain, exhaustion syndrome (emaciation, fatigue, perspiration, anorexia), mass and distant metastasis. Adrenal scan, IVU, abdominal aortic arteriography, retroperitoneal pneumography and CT were helpful in localization. The differential diagnosis between ACC and adenoma by pathology was difficult. It is generally agreed that if the mass is larger than 100 grams, capsulated, having blood or lymphatic vessel invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis and calcification or even distant metastasis, malignant tumor should be considered. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only effective treatment. For advanced or recurrent lesions, selective adrenal artery thrombosis could be used. One of the ten patients was thus treated by this facilitated subsequent surgery. Postoperative chemotherapy, such as O.P-DDD, might be used in some cases.
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PMID:[Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC)--report of 10 cases]. 297 73

Reduced serum concentrations of nutrients like iron, zinc and folates and of albumin and cholesterol are found, as well as emaciation, both in malnutrition and in cancer. In patients with leukemia, a depletion of intracellular potassium and hypo-potassemia are found in addition. The use of hyperalimentation in cancer was originally based on the concept that too little food is the cause of these disturbances in the nutrition state. However, there is also a disturbed metabolism of nutrients in patients with tumors and inflammatory disease. In the case of folic acid, the disturbed metabolism could not be normalized by hyperalimentation. The more advanced the disease, the more pronounced is the disturbed nutrient metabolism, and this disturbance is related to the macrophage activity. It is not self-evident, therefore, that hyperalimentation can normalize the nutritional state in cancer. Emaciation in cancer patients is not caused exclusively by malnutrition.
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PMID:Folate and iron metabolism in patients with tumors and inflammations. 406 5

A temporal, gross, and histologic analysis of the livers of male HPB black mice maintained on a diet containing 500 ppm alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) was performed at 1, 3, 4, 8, 14, 21, 30, 33, 44, and 50 weeks. Grossly, progressive liver enlargement was first noticed at 3 weeks, hepatic nodules at 21 weeks, and emaciation at 30 weeks. Histopathologic liver alterations included universal hypertrophy of centrolobular hepatocytes first seen at 1 week and the merging of adjacent megalocytic zones at 3 weeks. At 21 weeks, microadenomata and macroadenomata were seen in 2 of 7 mice. At 30 weeks, adenomata occurred in 7 of 8 mice and at 33, 44, and 50 weeks in 6 of 6, 5 of 5, and 5 of 5 mice, respectively. Individual adenomata were composed of large well-packed cells with basophilic and acidophilic pale-staining or lipid-laden cytoplasm forming disorganized cords of variable thickness. Depending on the stage of development, adenomata were classified into 4 subtypes. Subtype I, the earliest form seen, arose within megalocytic areas and was composed of a small number of megalocytic cells exhibiting loss of polarity. Subtype II was smaller than a liver lobule. Subtype III was larger and at times resulted from the merging of adjacent subtype II nodules. Subtype IV included the largest adenomata, most of which resulted from coalescing smaller sized subtypes. Under the conditions of this experiment, neither hepatocellular carcinoma nor metastases in the lungs were detected. It was concluded that if alpha-HCH-induced hepatocellular adenoma is ever to give rise to hepatocellular carcinoma, this transformation must progress very slowly.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1983 Dec
PMID:Sequential histopathologic analysis of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane-induced hepatic megalocytosis and adenoma formation in the HPB mouse. 619 53

Intestinal and bladder injury are the main limiting factors to radiation therapy in patients with pelvic neoplasms. 2-Amino-ethylisothiouronium (AET) is a radiation-protective agent when given systemically but absorbs poorly from the intestines. Accordingly, it was explored for the local protection of the bowel and bladder during radiation to the pelvis. Radiation localized to the pelvis in various high fractionated doses and various schedules was applied to pairs of stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides): one was always a control; and the other was treated with AET. AET was applied to the bladder through a catheter and to the rectum with a cotton tampon during the time of radiation. After radiation, AET was removed by repeated washings. Control animals developed hemorrhage, diarrhea, and emaciation and died at various times after completion of the radiation course; biopsy of rectal mucosa showed severe radiation damage. AET-treated animals had only occult blood in the stools and suffered slight weight loss; rectal biopsies showed normal tissues 2 weeks after radiation.
Cancer Res 1983 Jun
PMID:Protection of normal tissues with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium during local pelvic radiation in monkeys. 685 May 97

Under study was the status of microcirculation in surgical and combination treatment (with radiotherapy) in patients with cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia. The method of isotope semiresorption from the muscle depot (64) of patients and the arterio-venous difference for water after the technic of V. P, Kaznacheev and A. A. Dzizinski (26 patients) were employed. The state of microcirculation was found to be dependent on the degree of emaciation, preoperative telegamma therapy and the postoperative complications. The mostly impaired microcirculation was noted in emaciated patients with developing complication who were subjected to radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Microcirculation in cancer of the esophagus and cardial portion of the stomach under combined therapy]. 736 89

We report the case of a twenty-three month old, normally eating child, affected by organic macies and severe dystrophy. After the negative response of blood and laboratory examinations let us exclude a malabsorption syndrome, only the performance of neuro-radiologic exams showed evidence of a subthalamic tumor as the cause of a "Diencephalic syndrome". Diencephalic syndrome or Russel's syndrome is a diencephalic tumor induced disease, which sets in the first three years of life. The disease clinical markers are a severe emaciation with appetite preservation and absence or very scarce evidence of any telltale neurological sign. the tumoral histo-pathology most frequently shows a low grade of malignancy astrocytoma, whose eradication is very often difficult because of the particular anatomic site. Choice treatment includes an excisional biopsy associated to chemotherapy and to radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Diencephalic syndrome. Case report and review of literature]. 830 25

Most of the patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) are over 40 years of age at onset and have a malignant neoplasm, especially pulmonary small cell carcinoma. Juvenile cases of LEMS are rare and have not been reported in Japan. We report a 21-year-old women whose onset of LEMS was at 17 years of age. In the early stage of the disease, she had limb muscle weakness and was diagnosed has having seronegative myasthenia gravis (MG) based on decrementing response in low frequency repetitive nerve stimulation, positive edrophonium test, and negative serum anti-acetylcholin receptor antibodies. Serum anti-voltage-dependent-calcium-channel (VGCC) antibody was negative with an available assay system. She was thymectomized and received anti-cholinesterases, corticosteroids, and cyclophosphamide, but their therapeutic effects were not evident. Two years later, she was confined to bed due to sever emaciation (Her body weight reduced from 47 Kg to 27 Kg.), bulbar palsy, and limb muscle weakness. She needed respiratory support and tube feeding. Type II fiber atrophy, which is non-specific, but is a common finding in LEMS, was seen in the biopsied muscle of the patient. On the other hand, postsynaptic folds and clefts of all seven motor end-plates in the specimen were normal, which is against the diagnosis of MG. Recently, she was found to have anti-VGCC antibody with an improved assay system. Despite vigorous examination, no malignancy or other autoimmune disorders have been found. 3,4-Diaminopyridine was effective to improve limb muscle powers, but she is still bedridden.
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PMID:[A juvenile case of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with severe emaciation]. 929 28


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