Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haloperidol exhibits a high affinity for a subclass of sigma- "opiate" binding sites which have a unique anatomic distribution and a unique drug selectivity pattern. These binding sites differ from phencyclidine-sensitive sigma-receptors and are found in many brain areas involved in the control of movement. 1,3-Di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG), a highly selective ligand for the haloperidol-sensitive sigma-receptor, produced marked dystonia in rats after microinjection into the red nucleus, a motor area rich in this receptor. Haloperidol and another sigma-ligand [(+)-SKF 10,047] produced similar effects. On the other hand, clozapine, an antipsychotic drug which fails to bind to sigma-receptors and fails to induce movement disorders in humans, failed to induce these dystonic reactions in rats. Phencyclidine was also without effect, as were injections of the active compounds in sites distant to the red nucleus. Microinjections of DTG in the substantia nigra produced vigorous contralateral circling behavior at extremely low doses. These findings suggest that sigma-binding sites represent biologically functional receptors that are active in the neural control of movement. Since haloperidol (and many other antipsychotic drugs) exhibit an affinity for sigma-receptors which is at least equal to its affinity for dopamine receptors, these data raise the further possibility that sigma-receptors are involved in the motor side effects of antipsychotic drugs.
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PMID:Evidence for a role of haloperidol-sensitive sigma-'opiate' receptors in the motor effects of antipsychotic drugs. 289 93

An array of movement disorders is associated with ethanol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. Heavy ethanol users experience withdrawal tremor and, less often, withdrawal parkinsonism, chorea, and myoclonus. Asterixis is a feature of hepatic failure. On the other hand, ethanol can ameliorate essential tremor and myoclonus-dystonia. Among opioid drugs, meperidine can precipitate myoclonus. Severe parkinsonism affected users of a synthetic meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Spongiform leukoencephalopathy, sometimes with chorea and myoclonus, occurred in inhalers of heroin vapor (chasing the dragon). Psychostimulants including cocaine acutely cause stereotypies and dyskinesias. Phencyclidine toxicity causes myoclonus. Tobacco use, on the other hand, protects against Parkinson's disease. Clinicians need to consider substance abuse in patients with unexplained movement disorders.
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PMID:Substance abuse and movement disorders. 2072 28