Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Nine Cebus monkeys, 6 with mild spontaneous oral dyskinesia (tongue protrusions), were tested with two dopamine D2 antagonists, remoxipride (a new substituted benzamide) and haloperidol, and with two dopamine agonists, methylphenidate and apomorphine. 2. Remoxipride 4 and 8 mg/kg and haloperidol 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg given alone induced identical dystonic-dyskinetic syndromes. 3. Methylphenidate 0.5 mg/kg caused increased arousal, but reduced oral dyskinesia, while apomorphine 0.25 mg/kg slightly increased arousal and induced/aggravated oral dyskinesia. 4. Remoxipride 2 and 4 mg/kg and haloperidol 0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg equally antagonized the methylphenidate- and apomorphine-induced arousal, but not oral dyskinesia. 5. Marked sedation was seen when apomorphine was given together with either D2 receptor antagonists. 6. It is concluded that remoxipride and haloperidol have a similar qualitative effect in motor behavior in Cebus monkeys, but the quantitative difference between the dystonia-inducing dose levels of the two drugs compared with the antipsychotic dose levels (estimated from clinical studies) suggests that remoxipride may cause relatively few extrapyramidal side-effects in human.
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PMID:Remoxipride, a new selective D2 antagonist, and haloperidol in cebus monkeys. 196 45

In eight monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), previously treated with haloperidol for 4-14 months, we have examined the behavioral effect of: (1) methylphenidate vs apomorphine; (2) 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-(5,4-c)-pyridin-3-ol(THIP, a GABA agonist) vs diazepam; and (3) THIP and diazepam in methylphenidate-induced behavior. Methylphenidate (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) both increased locomotion, but otherwise exhibited different behavioral profiles. Methylphenidate induced repetitive movements of head, limbs, and trunk, and hallucinatory-like behavior, but not oral hyperkinesia (licking and gnawing), whereas apomorphine preferentially caused oral hyperkinesia. THIP produced a syndrome of bradykinesia, dystonia, ataxia, myoclonus, sedation, and decreased responsiveness, whereas diazepam produced only bradykinesia, ataxia, sedation, and decreased responsiveness, but not dystonia and myoclonus. Methylphenidate-induced locomotion and repetitive movements were reduced by THIP and diazepam, whereas hallucinatory-like behavior was markedly aggravated by THIP, but not by diazepam.
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PMID:Methylphenidate, apomorphine, THIP, and diazepam in monkeys: dopamine-GABA behavior related to psychoses and tardive dyskinesia. 642 Aug 23