Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dantrolene sodium has been given to 45 patients suffering from dyskinetic syndromes: 33 were suffering from spastic syndromes, either secondary to cerebral lesions at birth, or to other cerebral lesions, or to cord lesions; 9 were affected by infantile dystonic syndromes; 1 by dystonia muscolorum deformans and the last 2 patients were suffering from parkinsonism. The best dosage schedule was individual and ranged from 50 mg to 300 mg a day. In this range, the majority of the spastic patients showed reduction of spasticity, unrelated with the site of pathology: a slight one in 12 patients, a moderate one in 9 and a marked one in 2. On the contrary, slight improvement has been noticed in only two of the patients suffering from dystonic syndromes. In no case side effects has been noticed. In all patients who underwent slight or moderate improvement only, we tried to obtain better results on spasticity by growing the dosage schedules; but we have always noticed side effects, that is weakness or drowsiness and, sometimes, urinary uncontinence. Moreover 2 patients showed evidence of transitory metabolic side effects. Therefore our experience shows that dantrolene sodium is an useful drug into the therapy of spasticity, even if often a slight of moderate improvement only is achieved. Slow increase in dosage schedule, repeated laboratory controls and alternate periods of treatment and suspended treatment should be observed.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study of dantrolene sodium in the treatment of spastic and dystonic syndromes]. 102 44

Botulin A has been introduced for the treatment of local dystonia especially blepharospasm and torticollis. Three cases of blepharospasm and 5 cases of torticollis were treated with botulin injections directly into the muscles by a method presented in detail. Good effects were obtained in blepharospasm but very poor in torticollis, which may have been due to too low doses of the toxin and inadequate choice of injection points. The method is safe and in only 1 case transient weakness of the masseters was noted.
 ...
PMID:[Botulin in the treatment of local dystonia]. 130 5

A 48 year old woman complained of mild weakness and paresthesias of the left limbs, followed 15 days later by episodes of paroxysmal dystonia of the left limbs occurring several times daily over 10 day period. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head and neck revealed a small area of altered signal in the T2-weighted sequences in the left posterolateral quadrant of the cord at the second cervical vertebra. An MRI scan 18 months later showed no lesion. This is the second case of paroxysmal dystonia with a single MRI lesion in the cervical region on record.
 ...
PMID:Paroxysmal dystonia due to a lesion of the cervical cord: case report. 836 53

One hundred and twenty-six patients with different forms of focal dystonia (89 with cervical dystonia, 12 with hand cramps and 25 with laryngeal dystonia) were treated with localised injections of botulinum toxin. Mean doses per muscle were 200 mouse units (m.u.) for treating cervical dystonia, 40-120 m.u. for forearm muscles in writers' cramp and 3.7 m.u. for the thyroarytenoid muscle in laryngeal dystonia. Responder rates have been above 80% in all patient groups and beneficial effects could be reproduced over follow-up periods of up to 4 years. The commonest side-effects were dysphagia after treatment of spasmodic torticollis, weakness of neighbouring muscles after injections for hand cramps and breathiness and hypophonia following laryngeal injections. All these were transient and generally well tolerated. It is concluded that botulinum toxin injections are a safe and effective treatment in all three types of focal dystonia.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of cervical dystonia hand spasms and laryngeal dystonia with botulinum toxin. 154 63

Thirty-seven patients with spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) who received repeated local injections of botulinum toxin have been followed up for a mean period of 12.3 (10-29) months, during which time 138 treatment sessions were performed. Mean doses per muscle averaged 320 mouse units (mu; range 160-1000 mu botulinum toxin A prepared by CAMR, Porton Down, UK). Eighty-six per cent of patients experienced significant improvement of posture and 84% of those with pain had relief following the first injection. Muscular patterns of recurrent torticollis were relatively constant and in most patients efficacy was maintained with subsequent injections, while 15% of all follow-up sessions failed. Only 2 of 37 patients were consistent nonresponders; 22% and 10% of all sessions were complicated by transient dysphagia and weakness of neck muscles, respectively. It is concluded that local botulinum toxin injections can be a safe and efficaceous long-term treatment of spasmodic torticollis and that optimal doses should be between 200 and 400 mu/muscle.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with local injections of botulinum toxin. One-year follow-up in 37 patients. 154 64

We investigated the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in 17 patients with limb dystonias (10 with occupational cramps, three with idiopathic dystonia unrelated to activity, and two each with post-stroke and parkinsonian dystonia) in a placebo-controlled, blinded study. We identified affected muscles clinically and by recording the EMG from implanted wire electrodes at rest and during performance of tasks that precipitated abnormal postures. There were three injections given with graded doses of toxin (average doses, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 40 units per muscle) and one with placebo, in random order. Subjective improvement occurred after 53% of injections of botulinum toxin, and this was substantial in 24%. Only one patient (7%) improved after placebo injection. Subjective improvement occurred in 82% of patients with at least one dose of toxin, lasting for 1 to 4 months. Response rates were similar between clinical groups. Objective evaluation failed to demonstrate significant improvement following treatment with toxin compared with placebo. The major side effect was transient focal weakness after 53% of injections of toxin.
 ...
PMID:Botulinum toxin therapy for limb dystonias. 154 27

We studied 242 patients with cervical dystonia who had adequate follow-up after botulinum toxin injections to determine which clinical variables had a predictive value in the treatment outcome. Twenty-one patients (16%) categorized as nonresponders were compared with 113 patients (47%) considered to be definite responders. On average, the nonresponders had symptoms for 14 years longer than responders. Seventy-eight of 100 patients with complications were female compared with 54% of 190 patients without complications. In addition, patients with complications weighed less than those without complications. Both findings suggest that the occurrence of complications is related to smaller mean neck muscle mass. Botulinum toxin antibodies were detected in 35.7% of the nonresponders tested and in none of the responders. This comprehensive analysis of outcome variables leads us to conclude that patients with a long duration of dystonia before their first botulinum toxin injection respond less well than those with a short duration of symptoms, that some patients lose their responsiveness because of the development of blocking antibodies, and that women are more likely to develop complications, such as dysphagia and neck weakness, than are men.
 ...
PMID:Clinical correlates of response to botulinum toxin injections. 184 28

Botulinum toxin produces muscle weakness by inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. The toxin has been used successfully for symptomatic treatment of focal dystonias. Our experience in the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of oromandibular dystonia in five patients is reported. Improvement following treatment was reported as marked by 1 patient, moderate by 1 patient, and mild by 3 patients. Similar improvement was noted by the examiners. One patient with mild cosmetic improvement developed significant dysphagia requiring feeding by a nasogastric tube for a 3-month period.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of oromandibular dystonia with botulinum toxin. 194 23

We report the results of electromyographic (EMG) guidance in the treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin. Eight-four patients received a total of 225 injection sessions. Overall there was moderate objective improvement in 78.7%. The mean dose of toxin was 269 +/- 39 mouse lethal units and the mean duration of maximum effect was 107 +/- 49 days. Complications included excessive neck weakness in 16.0% and dysphagia in 11.1% of the injection sessions. We conclude that EMG guidance is a safe and effective method of administering botulinum toxin in the treatment of cervical dystonia.
 ...
PMID:Electromyographic guidance of botulinum toxin treatment in cervical dystonia. 207 Mar 67

In the past five years, 477 patients with various focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm received 3,806 injections of botulinum A toxin for relief of involuntary spasms. A definite improvement with a global rating greater than or equal to 2 on a 0-4 scale, was obtained in all 13 patients with spasmodic dysphonia, 94% of 70 patients with blepharospasm, 92% of 13 patients with hemifacial spasm, 90% of 195 patients with cervical dystonia, 77% of 22 patients with hand dystonia, 73% of 45 patients with oromandibular dystonia, and in 90% of 21 patients with other focal dystonia who had adequate follow up. While the average duration of maximum improvement lasted about 11 weeks after an injection (range seven weeks in patients with hand dystonia to 15 weeks in patients with hemifacial spasm), some patients benefited for over a year. Only 16% of the 941 treatment visits with follow up were not successful. Except for transient focal weakness, there were very few complications or systemic effects attributed to the injections. This study supports the conclusion that botulinum toxin injections are a safe and effective therapy for patients with focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm.
 ...
PMID:Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm. 221 39


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>