Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nonorganic dysphonia may present a challenging diagnosis, and management. Here, we present a severe form of nonorganic dysphonia, which we termed as arytenoidal dysphonia. It was a severe form of muscle tension dysphonia, which was described earlier in literature although with different nomenclature. The outcome of the accent method of voice therapy was also presented. We concluded that accent method of voice therapy is proven to be an effective treatment modality of arytenoidal dystonia.
 ...
PMID:Accent method of voice therapy for treatment of severe muscle tension dysphonia. 1838 10

Tardive laryngeal dystonia, a rare form of dystonic syndrome, was only reported to be induced by typical antipsychotics. Here, we report one case of ziprasidone-induced tardive laryngeal dystonia in a schizophrenic female patient, who showed dysphonia, hoarseness and dyspnea after taking ziprasidone 120 mg/day for 8 months. These symptoms were significantly improved after discontinuing ziprasidone and increasing the dose of trihexyphenidyl for 1 week. Although atypical antipsychotics are associated with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms, caution should be taken for any tardive dystonic movement when using these medications.
 ...
PMID:Ziprasidone-induced tardive laryngeal dystonia: a case report. 1843 61

Aging of the larynx is characterized by involutional changes which alter its biomechanical and neural properties and create a biological environment that is different from younger counterparts. Illustrative anatomical examples are presented. This natural, non-disease process appears to set conditions which may influence the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection and our expectations for its success. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia, a type of laryngeal dystonia, is typically treated using botulinum toxin injections of the vocal folds in order to suppress adductory muscle spasms which are disruptive to production of speech and voice. A few studies have suggested diminished response to treatment in older patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. This retrospective study provides a reanalysis of existing pre-to-post treatment data as function of age. Perceptual judgments of speech produced by 42 patients with ADSD were made by two panels of professional listeners with expertise in voice or fluency of speech. Results demonstrate a markedly reduced positive response to botulinum toxin treatment in the older patients. Perceptual findings are further elucidated by means of acoustic spectrography. Literature on vocal aging is reviewed to provide a specific set of biological mechanisms that best account for the observed interaction of botulinum toxin treatment with advancing age.
 ...
PMID:Vocal aging and adductor spasmodic dysphonia: response to botulinum toxin injection. 1848 84

Locus of Control (LoC) refers to an individuals' perception of whether they are in control of life events. Health Locus of Control refers to whether someone feels they have influence over their health. Health Locus of Control has not been studied in any depth in voice-disordered patients. The objective of this study was to examine Health Locus of Control in three patient groups: (1) Spasmodic Dysphonia, (2) Functional Dysphonia and (3) a nondysphonic group with Nonlaryngeal Dystonia. LoC was measured and compared in a total of 57 patients using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales (diagnostic specific) Form C. Internal, Chance, and Powerful others LoC were measured and comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance. Contrary to expectations Internal LoC was found to be significantly higher in the Functional Dysphonia group when compared to the other two groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in Chance or Powerful others LoC. The two organic groups, Spasmodic Dysphonia and Nonlaryngeal Dystonia, were more alike in Internal Health Locus of Control than the Functional Dysphonia group. The diagnostic nature of the groups was reflected in their LoC scores rather than their voice loss. These results contribute to the debate about the etiology of Spasmodic Dysphonia and will be of interest to those involved in the psychology of voice and those managing voice-disordered patients.
 ...
PMID:Comparing health locus of control in patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia, Functional Dysphonia and Nonlaryngeal Dystonia. 1861 84

This is a review on the use of injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonias. Disorders covered include cranial dystonia, cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, and focal hand dystonia. Considered are clinical aspects, alternative treatment strategies and principles of use of botulinum toxin injections.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of focal dystonias with botulinum neurotoxin. 1910 14

Although the latency between the initiation of thyroarytenoid electrical activity and the onset of phonation generally is increased in patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia, there is disagreement about whether there is overlap of latency values in these patients and normal subjects. The goal of this article was to compare the severity of dysphonia with the latency between electrophysiological activation of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) and the onset of phonation in patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia and compare the values with normal controls. Twenty-one patients with adductor dystonia and 15 control patients underwent laryngeal electromyographic (EMG) examination of the left TA. We measured the latency from initiation spike of the electric activity of the TA muscle to the onset of phonation. Three speech-pathologists/voice specialists arrived at a consensus to rate the perceptual evaluation of voice quality for the study group. The average latency measured for patients with mild dysphonia was 332 milliseconds, for moderate dysphonia was 426 milliseconds, and for the severe dysphonia was 792 milliseconds. We used the Spearman's correlation test to compare the latency time values and the dysphonia's degree of severity (P<0.05). Latency was significantly and directly related to the degree of severity of dysphonia.
 ...
PMID:Dysphonia severity degree and phonation onset latency in laryngeal adductor dystonia. 1976 43

Botulinum toxin has long been known for its paralytic effects on the human voluntary musculature via inhibition of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. Its original clinical use for the treatment of strabismus has expanded significantly to include neurological conditions related to muscle hyperactivity and/or spasticity (e.g., dystonia, spasticity, tics, tremor, dysphonia). Recently, botulinum toxin has been shown to impact autonomic disorders by acting at acceptors on glands and smooth muscle, and consequently it has been used in the management of a number of other conditions including hypersecretory disorders, pain syndromes, detrusor sphinchter dyssenergia or overactivity and gastointestinal smooth muscle/sphincter spasm; it may also reduce pain in patients for whom it is used to treat these and other primary conditions. This article will review the pharmacology and formulations of botulinum toxins as well as data from clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy for numerous conditions based on their effects on cholinergic synapses outside the motor nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Current clinical applications of botulinum toxin. 1992 19

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a task-specific focal dystonia of unknown pathophysiology, characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles during speaking. Our aim was to identify symptom-specific functional brain activation abnormalities in adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) and abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD). Both SD groups showed increased activation extent in the primary sensorimotor cortex, insula, and superior temporal gyrus during symptomatic and asymptomatic tasks and decreased activation extent in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum during asymptomatic tasks. Increased activation intensity in SD patients was found only in the primary somatosensory cortex during symptomatic voice production, which showed a tendency for correlation with ADSD symptoms. Both SD groups had lower correlation of activation intensities between the primary motor and sensory cortices and additional correlations between the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum during symptomatic and asymptomatic tasks. Compared with ADSD patients, ABSD patients had larger activation extent in the primary sensorimotor cortex and ventral thalamus during symptomatic task and in the inferior temporal cortex and cerebellum during symptomatic and asymptomatic voice production. The primary somatosensory cortex shows consistent abnormalities in activation extent, intensity, correlation with other brain regions, and symptom severity in SD patients and, therefore, may be involved in the pathophysiology of SD.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal activation of the primary somatosensory cortex in spasmodic dysphonia: an fMRI study. 2019 86

The objective of the study was to evaluate patient benefit and health-related quality of life after use of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) A for various otorhinolaryngological, functional (non-cosmetic) indications. The design consisted of a survey study of a patient cohort (n = 40) treated with BoNT A for functional indications. Patients were asked to answer the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), a retrospective questionnaire well validated for measuring the effect of otorhinolaryngological interventions on the health-related quality of life. GBI scores can range from -100 (maximal adverse effect), through 0 (no effect), to 100 (maximal positive effect). A total of 29 patients (72.5%) returned a valid questionnaire. Mean total GBI scores for the particular indications were 1.2 (sialorrhea, n = 7), 22.6 (gustatory sweating, n = 8), 20.6 (palatal tremor, n = 5), 15.0 (postlaryngectomy voice disorders due to pharyngoesophageal spasm, n = 5), 38.9 (adductor spasmodic dysphonia, n = 2) and 27.8 (oromandibular dystonia, n = 2), showing a mean overall positive effect of BoNT A treatment on the health-related quality of life, respectively. A varying percentage of patients reported an increase in their health-related quality of life, indicated by positive total GBI scores: sialorrhea 28.6%, gustatory sweating 87.5%, palatal tremor 60%, postlaryngectomy voice disorders 60%, spasmodic dysphonia 100% and oromandibular dystonia 100%. Use of BoNT A can be considered an effective therapeutic option for all the indications investigated. However, the possibility of raising patients' health-related quality of life with this kind of therapy varies significantly for different indications. Further studies are needed to analyze the patients who will benefit most from a treatment with BoNT A.
 ...
PMID:Patient benefit from treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A for functional indications in otorhinolaryngology. 2056 90

The purpose of the study was to delineate clinical and electrophysiological characteristics as well as laryngoscopical and transcranial ultrasound (TCS) findings in THAP1 mutation carriers (MutC). According to recent genetic studies, DYT6 (THAP1) gene mutations are an important cause of primary early-onset dystonia. In contrast to DYT1 mutations, THAP1 mutations are associated with primary early-onset segmental or generalised dystonia frequently involving the craniocervical region and the larynx. Blood samples from twelve individuals of three German families with DYT6 positive index cases were obtained to test for THAP1 mutations. Eight THAP1 MutC were identified. Of these, six (three symptomatic and three asymptomatic) THAP1 MutC could be clinically evaluated. Laryngoscopy was performed to evaluate laryngeal dysfunction in patients. Brainstem echogenicity was investigated in all MutC using TCS. Two of the patients had undergone bilateral pallidal DBS. In all three symptomatic MutC, early-onset laryngeal dystonia was a prominent feature. Laryngeal assessment demonstrated adductor-type dystonia in all of them. On clinical examination, the three asymptomatic MutC also showed subtle signs of focal or segmental dystonia. TCS revealed increased substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity in all MutC. Intraoperative microelectrode recordings under general anesthesia in two of the patients showed no difference between THAP1 and previously operated DYT1 MutC. The presence of spasmodic dysphonia in patients with young-onset segmental or generalised dystonia is a hallmark of DYT6 dystonia. SN hyperechogenicity on TCS may represent an endophenotype in these patients. Pallidal DBS in two patients was unsatisfactory.
 ...
PMID:Clinical neuroimaging and electrophysiological assessment of three DYT6 dystonia families. 2068 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>