Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous reports have attributed the development of premature cervical spondylosis to movement disorders such as torticollis and athetosis. This case report describes the clinical, electromyographic, and radiographic findings in a 34-year-old man who developed a myelopathy and cervical radiculopathy superimposed on a chronic dystonia of his neck and left arm. Cervical myeloradiculopathy should be suspected in any patient with a chronic movement disorder of the hand, neck, or arms, who presents with neurologic deterioration. Early diagnosis will lead to treatment that may improve symptoms. Anterior cervical bony fusion appears to be the preferred surgical treatment in these patients.
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PMID:Cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy in dystonia. 155 15

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy usually arises in patients in their late 40s or early 50s, most frequently at the C5/6 and C6/7 levels. Recently, excellent results have been attained with microsurgery in cases of cervical spondylosis. On the other hand, treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy entails several problems. The authors report three cases of such troublesome myelopathy. A 34-year-old male with severe athetoid movement showed cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated compression of the spinal cord through the C3-C5 levels. A 47-year-old female with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy presented myelopathy. Myelography and MR imaging showed instability and spinal cord compression at the C5/6 level. A 34-year-old male with spasmodic torticollis showed C6 radiculopathy due to cervical disc hernia at the C5/6 level. Cervical anterior decompression with interbody fusion brought temporary improvement in all the three patients. However, such problems as slippage of Halo-vest, difficulty in eating during Halo-vest fixation, relapse of neurological deficit, were experienced. Due to postoperative cervical instability, cervical laminectomy is considered to be contraindicated in such patients. Anterior decompression with bone fusion has been reported effective, but, if athetoid dystonia continues, there is a potential for myelopathic deterioration due to spondylotic changes adjacent to the fused vertebrae.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy with abnormal involuntary neck movements. Report of three cases]. 248 93

Cervical myelopathy developed in two patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia. There were marked spondylotic changes in both patients, probably attributable to the incessant dystonic movements of the neck. Previous cervical spine surgery may have exacerbated the myelopathy in one of the patients. Cervical myelopathy complicating idiopathic dystonia must be distinguished from other causes of neurological deterioration, since it may be improved by appropriate neurosurgical treatment.
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PMID:Idiopathic dystonia and cervical spondylotic myelopathy. 261 40

We studied seven patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) and movement disorders. Three had hemichorea-ballismus, two had segmental myoclonus, one had postural tremor with dystonia, and one had paroxysmal dystonia. Besides the hyperkinesias, two patients had parkinsonism, and one had cerebral Whipple's disease. In two, the movement disorder preceded other evidence of AIDS; in three others, the diagnosis of AIDS was not considered until there was a movement disorder. The movement disorders were attributed to toxoplasmosis in four patients (one confirmed at autopsy), viral encephalitis, vacuolar myelopathy, and CNS Whipple's disease.
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PMID:Movement disorders and AIDS. 379 36

Small doses of radioactive irradiation were found to be associated with damage to all levels of the nervous system, as evidenced by cliniconeurological investigations. But regulatory functions and vascular system get it most of all. Commonly seen in the sample was vegetovascular dystonia, also revealed were a varying degree discirculatory encephalopathy, acute disturbances in cerebral circulation, dyscirculatory myelopathy. Vascular abnormalities may develop at any age but in young adulthood they tend to occur more frequently. Clinical manifestations of vegetovascular dystonia were characterized by profound mixed type vegetative crises. Even if treated, vegetovascular dystonia tends to acquire remittent-and-progredient course leading to decompensation very soon. Strokes run atypical course: hemorrhages occur more often than not; circulatory disorders come about against the background of normal arterial blood pressure or insignificant its fluctuations. Hemorrhage may run gradually progressing course, which fact makes their diagnosis very difficult even with modern techniques being involved in relevent studies. It is not infrequently that carotid angiography does not find any structural-and-morphologic changes in the main vessels. A separate nozologic form, viz. that of discirculatory encephalopacy due to radiative irradiation, is suggested, as an entity worth introducing into the medical nomenclature.
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PMID:[The characteristics of cerebrovascular disorders in persons exposed to the effect of ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. 881 15

The authors report the use of high-dose botulinum toxin A for muscle relaxation prior to surgery for cervical spine fixation in two patients with dystonic cerebral palsy that included severe cervical dystonia. Both patients had recently developed progressive cervical myelopathy and surgery was planned to halt the insidious progressive weakness. However, marked dystonic posturing of the neck would have compromised their tolerance of halo fixation and subsequently impeded postoperative fusion. Preoperative chemodenervation of selected cervical muscles with injections of high-dose botulinum toxin A eliminated all involuntary neck movements, permitting the patients to tolerate halo fixation and facilitating postoperative spinal fusion. It is concluded that botulinum toxin A can be used safely and effectively in the preoperative management of patients with cervical dystonia and cervical spondylitic myelopathy.
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PMID:Preoperative treatment with botulinum toxin to facilitate cervical fusion in dystonic cerebral palsy. Report of two cases. 945 45

In the last decade, a new electrophysiological tool has become available since the development of painless magnetic stimulators able to activate the primary motor cortex and the motor roots in conscious man. Therefore, it became possible to measure the conduction time within fast-conducting central motor pathways by substracting from the total latency of muscle responses elicited by cortical stimuli the conduction time in peripheral nerves. This technique proved sensitive enough to illustrate early abnormalities of central motor conduction in various neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, degenerative ataxias or hereditary spastic paraplegias. When recorded early after stroke, motor evoked potentials are also a valuable tool to predict functional outcome. They can also illustrate subtle pathophysiological disturbances in diseases where there is no direct involvement of central motor pathways such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia or epilepsy. Magnetic cortical stimulation also offers unique opportunities to explore intracerebral inhibitory and excitatory circuits and mechanisms of brain plasticity. The recent development of rapid rate stimulators also enables functional studies of non-motor cerebral regions such as visual or frontal cortices. Moreover, rapid rate stimulation seems useful in the treatment of drug-resistant depression but the safety of this procedure, particularly with regard to the production of seizures or kindling, remains to be fully documented.
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PMID:[Applications of cortical magnetic stimulation]. 956 96

A case of primary dystonia with atlantoaxial subluxation is reported. This 46-year-old man who was suffering from primary generalized dystonia since childhood presented with clinical features suggestive of recent onset of cervical myelopathy. Imaging studies confirmed presence of severe spondylotic changes in the cervical spine with cord compression along with atlantoaxial subluxation. It is important to identify this potentially dangerous complication, which may be surgically managed. This is the first case report in the literature about the association of atlantoaxial subluxation and primary dystonia.
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PMID:Dystonia associated with atlantoaxial subluxation. 1115 11

In a prospective series of 34 incident patients with primary cervical dystonia (CD), 6 showed clinical or radiological signs of cervical radiculopathy (RP) or myelopathy (MP) during the course of their movement disorder. Age at onset in these patients was in the range reported for pure spondylotic cervical RP without an accompanying movement disorder. Radiologically, spondylosis was mild in 1 case and absent in 2 cases. The intervals between onset of CD and RP were shorter than in literature reports of RP/MP in dystonic-athetotic patients of cerebral paresis. Clinically, RP/MP in patients with CD mostly appears at mid-cervical levels, whereas cases with cerebral paresis are more frequently affected at higher cervical segments. We propose that RP/MP does not occur more frequently in CD than in pure spondylotic cervical RP.
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PMID:Radiculopathy and myelopathy in patients with primary cervical dystonia. 1138 61

A 9-year-old female presented with daily episodes of medically refractory paroxysmal bilateral arm posturing, which had long been thought to be epileptic seizures. She also had other types of episodes, including daily staring spells and infrequent generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. Neurologic examination was normal except for delayed cognitive development. The results of previous electroencephalograms (EEG) were normal, and magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a Chiari I malformation. Video EEG monitoring revealed no EEG changes during the attacks, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed a large cervical syrinx associated with the Chiari malformation. The episodes of paroxysmal bilateral dystonic arm posturing resolved after surgical intervention for the syrinx. This report illustrates that cervical cord disease is an unusual although potentially treatable condition to be considered in the differential diagnosis of paroxysmal episodes with dystonic movements of the arms, even in the absence of other physical findings of myelopathy.
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PMID:Syringomyelia presenting as paroxysmal arm posturing resembling seizures. 1199 62


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