Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The therapeutic effectiveness of sulpiride on various types of neurosis was compared with that of chlordiazepoxide on a double-blind basis. Global improvement, effectiveness on various types of neurosis, and side effects were studied for a period of two weeks. The subjects consisted of 41 males and 32 females. Neurosis including borderline case and vegetative dystonia was divided into eight different subtypes comprising borderline, neurasthenic state, hypochondria, obsessive neurosis or phobia, depressive neurosis, anxiety neurosis, vegetative dystonia, and others. A newly devised matched-pair method of comparison was employed to achieve even distribution of the eight subtypes of neurosis between the two drug groups. As a result 40 patients fell in the sulpiride group and 33 patients in the chlordiazepoxide group. The backgrounds of the paired patients matched closely. The daily dose was uniformly 150 mg for sulpiride and 30 mg for chlordiazepoxide in the first week but was raised (or lowered in some cases) to 225 mg and 45 mg, respectively, in the second week according to severity. The rate of global improvement was 79% for the sulpiride group and 90% for chlordiazepoxide group, and the difference did not reach statistical significance. Improvement by manifestation (13 symptom items) and type of neurosis also matched. Side effects occurred at a rate of 28% (sulpiride group) and 30% (chlordiazepoxide group), and also matched closely in incidence and variety. The authors concluded that sulpiride in appropriate doses is useful in the treatment of neurosis without causing extrapyramidal side effects.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of sulpiride with chlordiazepoxide in neurosis. 78 20

Although essential blepharospasm is considered to be a form of focal dystonia, many patients with blepharospasm have been noted to have concomitant depression, anxiety, phobias, hypochondriasis, and other emotional and behavioral disorders, suggesting a psychiatric component to the disease that is phenomenologically similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in terms of the repetitive, perseverative, and persistent nature of the symptoms. The Maudsley OCD questionnaire was administered to 21 patients with blepharospasm and 19 normal controls. The blepharospasm patients scored significantly higher than the controls (p less than .01). Although preliminary, the current study does support at least a phenomenological link between OCD and blepharospasm.
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PMID:Blepharospasm and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 173 75

A total of 230 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) were investigated. Different mental disorders associated with the atherogenic nature of dyslipoproteinemia were revealed in the majority of patients using the clinical scale and MMPI test. Psychotropic agents used for a period of 2-4 mos improved the mental status of these patients, increased exercise tolerance, and decreased blood levels of free fatty acids (FFA). A course of exercise training (graded walking) for 4-6 mos. helped to enhance exercise tolerance, to lower the blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, FFA, the total fraction of low- and very low-density lipoproteins, to reduce manifestations of hypochondriasis, depression, and neurasthenia . The results obtained can be used for developing programs of NCD patients' rehabilitation.
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PMID:[Possibilities of correction of mental disorders and dyslipoproteinemia in patients with neurocirculatory asthenia]. 229 Mar 25

Patients with diffuse toxic goiter and those with vegetative dystonia and paroxysmal permanent disorders are shown to have parasympathetic deficiency and moderate sympathetic insufficiency. In toxic goiter patients hyperhydrosis was accompanied by normal conduction along the vegetative perspiration fibers and a significant increase in foot potential amplitude. In patients having vegetative crises there was reduced conduction along the perspiration fibers. Clinical symptoms of enhanced sympathetic activity in both the diseases can be explained by weak parasympathetic influences and hypersensitivity of peripheral tissues to catecholamines. Spilberger test ascertained high reactive and personal anxiety in both groups. By modified MMPI, toxic goiter patients are characterized by hypochondriac, depressive and anxiety trends. Patients with vegetative crises were prone to demonstrative reactions, hypochondria and anxiety.
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PMID:[A comparative analysis of the function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with thyrotoxicosis and autonomic crises]. 786 41

The diagnosis of neurovegetative dystonia (NVD) is commonly made by general physicians in Brazil, but its precise meaning is unclear. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is used to describe patients with a wide range of psychological and physical symptoms and is often used pejoratively, in a similar way to "crocks" in the USA. Forty patients who had been diagnosed as having NVD by general physicians working in a triage department of a general public hospital were compared with 40 non-NVD patients, matched for age and gender, from the same department. Patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist who was blind to the diagnosis that had been made. The assessment included a structured sociodemographic questionnaire, the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS), and a routine psychiatric interview using DSM-III-R criteria. Using the CIS, the "reported symptoms" that most distinguished NVD patients from controls were somatic and anxiety, whereas for "manifest abnormality" NVD patients displayed more anxiety, histrionic behavior, hypochondriasis, and depressive thoughts. A total of 92.5% of NVD patients received diagnoses using DSM-III-R criteria compared to 37.5% of controls. The relative risk of NVD patients subsequently receiving a psychiatric disorder was 8.3 (95% CI = 2.5-43.1, p < 0.001). Although general physicians correctly identify most patients with psychiatric disorder they miss many others. Furthermore, they use an obsolete diagnostic category which has no psychiatric currency. Medical students and residents need better psychiatric training so that they can correctly identify patients in general medical settings who are suffering from mental disorders and make a diagnosis using accepted psychiatric terminology.
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PMID:Neurovegetative dystonia--psychiatric evaluation of 40 patients diagnosed by general physicians in Brazil. 939 65

Movement disorders have rarely been the result of psychiatric disturbances. Psychogenic dystonia is caracterized by inconsistent findings, a known precipitant factor, onset in legs, pain, multiple somatizations and incongruent association with other movement disorders. We report two patients with clinically established psychogenic dystonia. Patient 1: a female that presented sudden loss of strength in her four limbs; she developed feet dystonia, alternant laterocollis, generalized and irregular tremor, and limb hypertonia that disappeared with distraction; psychological examination showed severe depression, hypochondria and obsessive disorder. Patient 2: a female that presented with irregular limb tremors that disappeared with distraction and left foot dystonia nine years ago; she gradually lost her walk capacity; she complained pain in lumbar area and in her left limb, psychological examination showed infantile behaviour, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity and self-aggression. Their complementary exams showed no alterations and they had no response to specific pharmacological treatment. Dystonia is rarely psychogenic, but this etiology is suggested when clinical characteristics are inconsistent and incongrous with a classical disorder. It should be part of differential diagnosis when appears in association with other somatization or psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:[Psychogenic dystonia: report of 2 cases]. 1092 Apr 17