Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013421 (dystonia)
 8,418 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with muscular dystonia meet with difficulties due to abnormal muscle tone and dyskinesia producing myogenic artifacts deforming potentials recorded after their evoking. For obtaining better conditions for recording of somatosensory evoked potentials single dose of DHB was used. Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded before and after operations and during stereotactic thalamotomy of the complex of the VL nucleus in the thalamus. The authors report the results of investigations in the above mentioned three periods of treatment in hospital. The results suggest the hypothesis that DHB affects the cerebellofugal transmission organizing the proper muscle tone.
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PMID:[Effect of dehydrobenzperidol (DHB) on cortical and thalamic somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with muscle dystonia]. 326 37

Authors report a study concerning 12 dyskinetic patients with cerebral palsy. The clinical pre-operative examination shows that many signs and symptoms are associated: volitional and postural dyskinesia, athetosis and dystonia, pyramidal deficit and spasticity. Talairach's stereotactic methodology has been used for bifocal (VPL thalamic nucleus and internal pallidum) Yttrium 90 implantation. After stereotactic bifocal lesions, involuntary movements have been reduced in 45.5% of cases and have disappeared in 27% of cases. Impairment of previous motor deficit has been observed in 3% of cases; volitional and postural dyskinesia seems to be the most curable symptomatology. Clinical results in athetoid involuntary movements and dystonia are less rewarding. Because of important anatomical modifications often observed cerebral palsy patients, the authors stress the interest of individual acute neurophysiological study and discuss about the stereotactic targets and the modalities of destruction. They insist upon the necessity of rigorous selection of indications based on acute clinical examination in the perspective of improvement of global functional capacities.
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PMID:[Value of bifocal stereotaxic destruction in case of dyskinesia in patients with a motor deficit of cerebral origin]. 332 99

Madopar Hydrodynamically Balanced System (HBS), a new sustained-release levodopa preparation, was used to control severe nightly disabilities in 15 outpatients suffering from Parkinson's disease in an advanced state and with long-term levodopa therapy. This medication was given ante noctem in addition to an otherwise unchanged daily regimen of levodopa administration. In 13 patients a considerable diminution in nocturnal akinesia and in the frequency of waking up was reached with a mean dosage of 308 mg of Madopar HBS. Early morning akinesia was only slightly alleviated in four patients. The nocturnal off-period pain disappeared in one patient. Adverse effects consisted of nocturnal dyskinesia in two patients and early morning dystonia in another two patients. The regular use of sleeping pills was clearly reduced after Madopar HBS therapy.
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PMID:Madopar HBS in Parkinson patients with nocturnal akinesia. 335 32

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and response to treatment of 67 patients with tardive dystonia. The age at onset ranged from 13 to 72 years without predilection to any particular age group or sex. Patients developed tardive dystonia even after relatively short duration of exposure to dopamine antagonists (21% within 1 year). Five of 42 patients withdrawn from these drugs remitted. Overall clinical improvement occurred in 52% of patients. Tetrabenazine and reserpine were most effective (greater than 50% response rate) in controlling dystonia. Anticholinergic drugs diminished dystonia in 46% of patients. In conclusion, this review supports our original concept of tardive dystonia as a subtype of tardive dyskinesia, which is quite disabling, usually persistent, and difficult to treat. Although anticholinergics and dopamine-depleting drugs frequently improved symptoms, treatment with them only rarely led to a remission or satisfactory control of symptoms. The difficulty of treating this condition necessitates reemphasis of one important observation of this study, that this condition may develop early in the course of dopamine antagonist treatment; there is no minimum period of exposure which can be considered safe. These drugs must therefore be used only for correct medical indications, and every attempt should be made to withdraw them at the first sign of dyskinesia, particularly of the dystonic type.
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PMID:Tardive dystonia. 340 May

We compared 46 patients having onset of Parkinson's disease before age 45 years with 52 having onset after age 70. Young-onset cases more often presented with muscular stiffness (43%) and old-onset with difficulty walking (33%). One-third of young-onset cases had off-period dystonia, mostly affecting the legs, but no dystonia was recorded in old-onset cases. Presentation with rest tremor occurred in 41% of young-onset and 63% of old-onset. There were no differences in the number of affected relatives, endocrine disease, personality characteristics, dementia, or dyskinesia. A pathological study of 12 young-onset and 22 old-onset cases showed 24% greater nigral cell loss in the young, but no differences in the basic Lewy body pathology. Median disease duration in young cases was 5 years longer in the clinical study and 12 years longer in the pathological study. These studies show that the Parkinson's disease process is similar in young- and old-onset cases.
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PMID:A comparison of clinical and pathological features of young- and old-onset Parkinson's disease. 341 87

In a bimanual slow matching task patients with asymmetric bradykinesia overestimated the movement of the more bradykinetic limb. Patients with drug induced or idiopathic asymmetric dyskinesia or dystonia, and patients with unilateral arm weakness underestimated movement of the abnormal limb. Bradykinesia may be caused by reduction, and dyskinesia and dystonia by exaggeration of corollary discharges.
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PMID:Impaired sensorimotor integration in parkinsonism and dyskinesia: a role for corollary discharges? 358 80

Of 44 infants and children (neonates excluded) with ischemic strokes of arterial origin documented by CT scan and/or cerebral angiography, idiopathic strokes, occurring in 22 cases, accounted for half the total. Eight of these patients had basal ganglia and/or capsular infarcts without cortical involvement. The outcome in the idiopathic group was favorable: after an average follow-up duration of 48 months, no child had recurrence, two children developed secondary epilepsy, and only two were severely mentally retarded. However, residual dystonia and dyskinesia constituted an incapacitating handicap, having been observed in 14 children of the idiopathic group and in 18 of the whole series. It may be concluded from the present study that the long-term prognosis of ischemic strokes in children is excellent except for the risk of secondary evolutive dystonia in the absence of any detectable cause.
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PMID:Ischemic strokes in children. 359 17

The epidemiology of extrapyramidal reactions to prochlorperazine and haloperidol in the United Kingdom has been studied using reports in the Adverse Reactions Register of the Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) and from general practitioner prescribing data. Between 1967 and 1982 there were an estimated 37.0 million prescriptions for prochlorperazine and 3.2 million for haloperidol; in this time there were 104 reports of adverse reactions to prochlorperazine and 62 to haloperidol. The predominant extrapyramidal reaction reported was dystonia-dyskinesia (99 reports for prochlorperazine and 47 for haloperidol). The remaining reactions reported were of Parkinsonism. Dystonia-dyskinesia usually occurred within three days of commencing treatment, and for both drugs the incidence, expressed per million prescriptions, varied significantly with age, the highest incidence being in patients under 20 years. Thus young patients appear at particular risk of acute extrapyramidal reactions to dopamine receptor antagonists.
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PMID:Extrapyramidal reactions to prochlorperazine and haloperidol in the United Kingdom. 374 48

The epidemiology of extrapyramidal reactions to metoclopramide was studied by examining reports in the Adverse Reactions Register of the Committee on the Safety of Medicines and comparing these with prescribing figures by general practitioners in the United Kingdom for metoclopramide (Maxolon). In the period 1967-82 there were an estimated 15.9 million prescriptions and 479 reports of extrapyramidal reactions (455 of dystonia-dyskinesia, 20 of parkinsonism, and four of tardive dyskinesia). When corrected for prescribing rates the relative risk of dystonia and dyskinesia was 1.8 in female compared with male patients (95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2). The overall reporting rate for dystonia and dyskinesia was 28.6/million prescriptions but was significantly more common in young adults (p less than 0.0001) and especially girls and women aged 12-19 (190.7 reports/million prescriptions). By contrast parkinsonian reactions were significantly more common in the elderly (p less than 0.0001).
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PMID:Extrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide. 392 68

We report an unusual case of benztropine-induced acute dystonia and dyskinesia without findings of acute anticholinergic toxicity in a 20-month-old child. Laboratory analysis of blood, urine, and gastric contents demonstrated the presence of an atropinic compound and diphenhydramine only, suggesting the association of benztropine and acute dystonia. Effects of benztropine on neuronal uptake of dopamine may represent a possible mechanism for this unusual adverse effect.
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PMID:Benztropine-induced acute dystonic reaction. 396 42


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