Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Researching the functions of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in the gut has helped define new 5-HT receptors, increased the understanding of the side effects of numerous drugs and, via development of drugs, brought relief to millions of people suffering from disorders such as gastroparesis, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome and cancer. However, safety issues associated with alosetron and tegaserod (key drugs that modulate 5-HT function) have brought 5-HT and gastrointestinal research to a crossroad--is it now too hard to develop drugs in this area or is there a way forward? In this review, I describe the background to 5-HT in gastrointestinal physiology and disease, and the actions of drugs that interact with 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. Future research directions include modulating 5-HT availability by inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase, understanding the functions of receptors such as 5-HT2B, 5-HT7 and the recently described 5-HT3-receptor subunits, and investigating how receptors activated by other products of tryptophan catabolism interact with gastrointestinal functions of 5-HT.
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PMID:5-hydroxytryptamine and the gastrointestinal tract: where next? 1908 55

Rikkunshito (RKT), a Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, is used as a prokinetic for patients with various diseases including functional dyspepsia. RKT promotes delayed gastric emptying via 5-HT3 receptor blockade. Otherwise, RKT increases ghrelin release via 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor activation. Recent studies revealed that ghrelin and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have an anti-inflammatory effect. So we hypothesize that RKT may have an anti-inflammatory action in the post-operative ileus. Intestinal manipulation (IM) was applied to the distal ileum of mice. RKT was administered orally 4 times before and after IM. Gastrointestinal transit in vivo, leukocyte infiltration, and gastric emptying were analyzed. We also investigated the effects of the 5-HT3 receptor agonist m-chlorophenylbiguamide (mCPBG) and ghrelin-receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 on the ameliorative action of RKT. RKT treatment led to recovery of the delayed intestinal transit and gastric emptying rate induced by IM. RKT significantly inhibited the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 reduced and mCPBG partially reduced the RKT-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, as monitored by infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils. RKT serves as a novel therapeutic agent for POI characterized by its anti-inflammatory potency, in addition to prokinetic action. The RKT-induced anti-inflammatory activity may be partly mediated by inhibition of the 5-HT3 receptor and ghrelin release.
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PMID:Rikkunshito, a Kampo medicine, ameliorates post-operative ileus by anti-inflammatory action. 2457 14