Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes have been defined by pharmacological responses to selective agonists and antagonists and by pathways of receptor-effector coupling. Using molecular techniques, additional receptor subtypes have been described. 5-HT receptors are prevalent in the central nervous system and gut and participate in induction of emesis. 5-HT3 antagonists are used to prevent emesis from cancer chemotherapy and also demonstrate efficacy in radiation-induced nausea, postoperative nausea, hyperemesis gravidarum, and nausea and vomiting with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 5-HT4 agonists exhibit prokinetic properties in nauseated patients with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Conversely, 5-HT4 antagonists have antiemetic activity in some experimental models. The 5-HT1D receptor agonist sumatriptan reduces emesis with migraine headaches and in cyclic vomiting syndrome, most likely via action on central nervous system sites. In other models, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/5-HT2C agonists exhibit antiemetic properties. The utility of 5-HT receptor ligands in treating emesis is the subject of active investigation.
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PMID:Serotonin receptor physiology: relation to emesis. 1049 49

There is accumulating evidence of a genetic predisposition in at least a subset of patients with functional GI symptoms. Hence, hunting for genes in irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia has become fashionable of late. Unfortunately, as in other fields, replication of gene association studies has most often been problematic. In this issue of the Journal, independent corroboration of an association of dyspepsia with GNbeta3 is reported. Other carefully selected putative genes including polymorphisms in the alpha2A adrenoreceptor, the serotonin reuptake transporter, and the 5-HT1A receptor were not associated. The study raises three key questions all considered in this editorial: (a) if GNbeta3 is truly associated with functional and uninvestigated dyspepsia, why might this be the case, (b) what molecular mechanisms may be of most relevance, and (c) perhaps most importantly, does or will this finding translate into clinical practice in terms of diagnosis or treatment? New knowledge of gene associations like GNbeta3 and their pathophysiological relevance may ultimately lead to better targeted therapy as well as new disease modifying treatments.
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PMID:Hypothesis driven research and molecular mechanisms in functional dyspepsia: the beginning of a beautiful friendship in research and practice? 1646 20

The effects of antidepressants on the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to their potential efficacy in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome; buspirone, a prototype 5-HT1A agonist, enhances gastric accommodation and reduces postprandial symptoms in response to a challenge meal. Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, accelerates small bowel but not colonic transit, and this property may not be relevant to improve gut function in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Venlafaxine, a prototype serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, enhances gastric accommodation, increases colonic compliance and reduces sensations to distension; however, it is associated with adverse effects that reduce its applicability in treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Tricyclic antidepressants reduce sensations in response to food, including nausea, and delay gastric emptying, especially in females. Buspirone appears efficacious in functional dyspepsia; amitriptyline was not efficacious in a large trial of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical trials of antidepressants for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome are generally small. The recommendations of efficacy and number needed to treat from meta-analyses are suspect, and more prospective trials are needed in patients without diagnosed psychiatric diseases. Antidepressants appear to be more effective in the treatment of patients with anxiety or depression, but larger prospective trials assessing both clinical and pharmacodynamic effects on gut sensorimotor function are needed.
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PMID:Effects on gastrointestinal functions and symptoms of serotonergic psychoactive agents used in functional gastrointestinal diseases. 2325 79