Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acid-suppressing drugs and anticoagulants are used increasingly in general practice. Warfarin is potentiated by some acid-suppressing drugs, notably cimetidine and omeprazole, through interference of the cytochrome P450 system. This study aimed to ascertain the extent of co-prescribing of warfarin and acid-suppressing drugs in general practice. We conducted a retrospective survey of the records of all patients prescribed acid-suppressing drugs over a 2-year period to ascertain those who had also taken warfarin; we also made a cross-sectional survey of all patients on warfarin to ascertain those who had taken acid-suppressing drugs. From a general practice population of 45 574 patients in northern England, 3423 (7.5%) had been prescribed acid-suppressing drugs during the previous 24 months. Of 274 patients who had been on warfarin, 44 (16.1%) had also taken acid-suppressing drugs (26 H2 receptor blockers and 18 proton-pump inhibitors). The commonest reasons for anticoagulation were thrombo-embolic disease (40.9%), atrial fibrillation (36.4%), valvular heart disease (18.2%), and surgical prophylaxis (4.5%). The indications for concurrent acid-suppressing drugs were: 'dyspepsia' 38.6%, reflux 22.7%, oesophagitis 13.6%, duodenal ulcer 13.6%, gastric ulcer 4.5%, unknown 6.8%. There have been no studies from primary care to evaluate the possible clinical effects of the concomitant use of acid-suppressing drugs and warfarin; some fluctuations in coagulation control, particularly in patients taking the combinations intermittently, may be due to this.
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PMID:Co-prescription of H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors with warfarin in general practice. 1056 97

For patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of thrombosis, the standard prophylaxis is warfarin, an anticoagulant, at a dose adjusted to the INR. Warfarin and aspirin are both reasonable choices for patients with a moderate risk of thrombosis. Dabigatran, an oral anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin, has been authorised for patients with atrial fibrillation and a moderate or high risk of thrombosis, without associated valvular abnormalities. Clinical evaluation of dabigatran is based on a randomised "non-inferiority" trial comparing two doses of dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg) taken twice daily, and adjusted-dose warfarin, in 18 113 patients treated for an average of 21 months. Overall mortality was about 4% per year and did not differ between the 3 groups. There was a greater reduction in the annual incidence of stroke or systemic embolism with the higher dose of dabigatran (1.1%) than with warfarin (1.7%). This is not the case for the lower dose (1.5%). In patients with good INR control, the difference in favour of the higher dose of dabigatran was no longer statistically significant. All-cause treatment discontinuation rates were higher with dabigatran than with warfarin (21% versus 17%, p<0.001). The incidence of serious bleeding did not differ statistically between warfarin and the higher dose of dabigatran (3.57% versus 3.32%), but was lower with the lower dose of dabigatran (2.87%). Compared with warfarin, dabigatran appears to be associated with about a 0.2% excess of myocardial infarction (0.73% versus 0.53%). Dyspepsia is also more frequent with dabigatran (6% versus 1.4%). Hepatic adverse effects appear to be mild but need to be monitored. The effects of dabigatran are potentiated by combination with P-glycoprotein inhibitors and drugs that impair renal function. Combination with other antithrombotic agents should also be avoided. Treatment with dabigatran does not require monitoring of haemostasis, whereas vitamin K inhibitors necessitate close INR monitoring. In contrast, renal function must be monitored, as renal impairment increases the risk of bleeding. Unlike vitamin K antagonists, there is no antidote for dabigatran overdose. In practice, warfarin remains the standard drug for patients with atrial fibrillation and a moderate or high risk of thrombosis. Aspirin is an alternative for moderate-risk patients. When the risk is significant and the INR cannot be maintained within the target range despite close monitoring, dabigatran is the alternative to warfarin, provided the patient is closely monitored, especially for changes in renal function.
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PMID:Dabigatran and atrial fibrillation: the alternative to warfarin for selected patients. 2241 15

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. Coexistence of HF and atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Oral anticoagulant therapy reduces the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with AF. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been introduced as an alternative drug for prevention from thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular AF. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of warfarin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban in patients with nonvalvular AF. The secondary aim of this study is to reveal the predictors of all-cause mortality in patients with nonvalvular AF undergoing NOACs therapy. The study population consisted of 171 patients with nonvalvular AF. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the usage of oral anticoagulant therapy including coumadin (51 patients), dabigatran (52 patients), and rivaroxaban (68 patients). Although CHA2DS2-VASc score was similar between groups, HAS-BLED score was significantly higher in patients using rivaroxaban. Dyspepsia and itching were more common in patients using dabigatran. Heart failure and vascular disease were more common in the nonsurviving group (10 patients) than in the surviving group (110 patients) in patients using NOACs. Among age, sex, HF, hypertension, vascular disease, and CHA2DS2-VASc, which were included in the regression model, only the presence of HF was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients using NOACs. In conclusion, the mortality rate is significantly higher in patients with HF using NOACs. Moreover, HF is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients using NOACs.
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PMID:Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Started on Novel Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Single-Center Experience. 2656 67

Non-valvular atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac source of emboli and cardioembolic stroke. Anticoagulants are recommended for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Warfarin reduces the risk of stroke in patients with AF by approximately two-thirds. Several novel anticoagulants that can overcome the limitations of warfarin have been introduced in the market or are under development. The NOACs are at least as effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in AF. Bleeding complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, are common complication of anticoagulant treatment. The NOACs therapy are associated with an increased risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding compared with warfarin, and dabigatran is associated with an increased risk of non-bleeding upper GI symptoms such as dyspepsia and heartburn. This review provides information on the safety and risks of using NOACs, methods of treatment of gastrointestinal complications events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
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PMID:[GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION]. 2681 6