Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sonographic measurement of gallbladder volume has allowed us to assay the influence of many substances (hormones, drugs, etc.) on gallbladder kinetics playing a pivotal role in digestive mechanisms. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of an alkaline bicarbonate water (Donata) on gallbladder emptying. The study was performed in cross-over. Ten healthy volunteers randomly assumed alkaline bicarbonate water or saline (400 ml). Gallbladder volumes were measured by ultrasonography, according to ellipsoid method, before and 15', 30', 45', 60', 90', 120' after water or saline intake. A week later the test was repeated. Gallbladder kinetics was evaluated referring to fasting volume, residual volume, absolute emptying and maximum percent emptied. Student's "t" test for paired data was used for statistical evaluation of the results. Gallbladder volumes were significantly reduced 15', 30', 45' and 60' after alkaline bicarbonate water administration, whereas saline did not induced gallbladder emptying. The present results suggest that Donata water may be employed in order to ameliorate dyspepsia due to biliary dyskinesia, moreover it may play a complementary role in the prevention and in the medical treatment of biliary lithiasis.
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PMID:[Gallbladder motility following intake of mineral bicarbonate-alkaline water. Ultrasonographic assessment]. 760 8

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of coffee on solid phase gastric emptying in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Twenty-one NUD patients with an endoscopic negative finding or superficial gastritis were included in this study. Radionuclide labeled solid meals were used to assess the gastric emptying times (GET) of the stomach. A control meal was composed of radionuclide solid meal and 500ml 5% of glucose water. The study meal was made from addition of 4g of instant coffee into the control meal. Of the 21 total cases, 1 demonstrated prolonged GET, 6 had shortened GET, and the other 14 showed no significant difference in GET. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the control and the study meal after coffee intake. Our data suggests that there may be some ingredient in coffee that promotes gastric motility, but this effect is counteracted by intestinal feedback, and the net effect is not significant.
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PMID:Effect of coffee on solid-phase gastric emptying in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. 767 21

Clinical practice and attitudes of Acid Aspiration Syndrome (AAS) prevention in connection with gynaecological and obstetric surgery were surveyed in all Norwegian departments of anaesthesia. General anaesthesia with rapid-sequence intubation using succinylcholine and cricoid pressure was the preferred method for all emergency surgery, except Caesarian section (C-section) where 58% of the departments reported use of spinal or epidural anaesthesia if time allowed for its use. Chemoprophylaxis was more often used before emergency C-section (60%) than before emergency gynaecological surgery (14%), and mostly consisted of the antacid sodium citrate given alone. Seventy-six percent of the departments used mechanical emptying of the stomach before emergency gynaecological surgery and 44% before emergency C-section. While all responders considered recent intake of a "light breakfast" in an elective patient to be a risk factor of AAS indicating delay of surgery or use of specific precautions like regional anaesthesia, rapid-sequence intubation, or chemoprophylaxis, 52-72% of the responders considered obesity, dyspepsia, recent water intake, smoking or use of chewing gum to be risk factors as well. We think this survey demonstrates a need for consensus discussions of AAS prophylaxis.
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PMID:Acid aspiration syndrome prophylaxis in gynaecological and obstetric patients. A Norwegian survey. 788 12

Alternations of stomach mucose caused by ethanol are in direct correlation with its concentration. ADH in stomach mucose is an efficient barrier against ethanol system toxicity. It stimulates higher secretion of HC1, dilutes protective barrier of mucose and phospholipids in membranes. Inflammatory reaction also participates in the damage of stomach mucose, with a share of products of arachidonic metabolism and free radicals. After ethanol administration the pancreas blood circulation diminishes and resistance in microcirculation increases. This can cause necroses in periphery of lobules. Activated phospholipase C may result in hypersecretion of Ca2+ dependent proteinkinases. Ischemic changes participate in alcohol impairment of pancreas and increase its vulnerability to enzyme attract and free radical reactions. Ethanol excesses may result in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, malnutrition and cause morphologic alternations of intestinal mucose (erosion, hemorrhagia). Absorption of nutrients and vitamins is affected by inhibition of active transport or by decrease of enzyme activity. Ethanol increases mucose permeability, alteres intestinal motility and damages absorption of water and electrolytes. In chronic alcoholics lower villi and changes in bacterial flora are described. The following mechanism of ethanol caused liver injury are observed: acetaldehyde toxicity, change in NAD+/NADH ratio connected with acidosis, cytoskeletal impairment, inhibition of protein synthesis and their secretion, relative perivenular hypoxia, activation of fibrogenesis, increased formation of free radicals with lipid peroxidation and immunological reaction. In hepatocyte there are morphological changes (megamitochondria, etc.) and functional changes (inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of Krebs cycle and beta oxidation of fatty acids). Ethanol intake activates leukocytes, trombocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells and their mediators, which result in increase of collagen and proteoglycans synthesis furthermore in fibrotic changes in liver.
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PMID:[Ethanol metabolism and pathobiochemistry of organ damage--1992. III. Mechanisms of damage to the gastrointestinal tract and the liver by ethanol]. 799 16

Histamine type-2 receptor antagonists (H-2RA) have been used chronically to prevent dyspepsia in cancer patients subjected to immunotherapy with chronic indomethacin (Indo) and intermittent IL-2 in our cancer centre. We tested the effects of these agents during immunotherapy of C3H/HeJ mice transplanted s.c. with 5 x 10(5) C3L5 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Tumor-transplanted mice were divided into groups receiving: (1) Indo (14 micrograms/ml); (2) H-2RA, i.e. (a) ranitidine at 28.6 micrograms/ml (Ran-lo) or 143 micrograms/ml (Ran-hi), or (b) famotidine (Fam) at 4.3 micrograms/ml, or (c) cimetidine (Cim) at 107 micrograms/ml, all in the drinking water on days 5-24; (3) IL-2 (1.5 x 10(3) Cetus U i.p. every 8 h on days 10-14 and 20-24); (4) combinations of H-2RA + Indo; or (5) combinations of H-2RA + Indo + IL-2. Animals were killed on day 24 for examination of primary s.c. tumor growth, secondary lung metastasis and splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells (51Cr release assay). Results revealed: (1) primary tumor growth was reduced in mice treated with Fam + Indo, Indo + IL-2 and any of the H-2RA + Indo + IL-2 (no difference observed within the last two groups); (2) lung metastases decreased in mice treated with IL-2 alone, Indo + IL-2, and Indo + IL-2 + Ran-hi; (3) splenic cytotoxicity was suppressed in tumor-bearing controls, with partial restoration seen in Ran (both doses), Ran-lo + Indo, Ran-lo + Indo + IL-2, and Cim + Indo + IL-2 treated groups. Nearly complete restoration was seen in Cim, Cim + Indo, Indo + IL-2, Ran-hi + Indo + IL-2, and Fam + Indo + IL-2 groups. Thus, addition of H-2RA did not alter the overall therapeutic efficacy of the standard Indo + IL-2 tumor immunotherapy.
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PMID:Effects of histamine type-2 receptor antagonists on indomethacin and IL-2 immunotherapy of metastasis. 809 42

The value of measuring gastric emptying time by ultrasonography in disorders of gastric motility was first assessed in a control group (26 men, 24 women; mean age 51 [23-83] years. Some were healthy volunteers, others were patients without any gastrointestinal disease, the results serving to standardize the method (planimetry of the antrum; 300 ml water as test substance). The mean gastric emptying time (GET) was 24.9 +/- 4.7 min. After this the method was applied in 48 patients (29 men, 19 women; mean age 57.5 [15-90] years) with diabetes type I (n = 14) or II (n = 34) and 59 patients (18 men and 41 women; mean age 54.8 [26-74] years) with functional dyspepsia. GET was 35.9 +/- 12.7 in the diabetics, significantly longer than normal (P < 0.0001). 24 diabetics (50%) had a prolonged GET (> or = 40 min) independent of type, duration and treatment of the diabetes, but more common if the blood sugar level was poorly controlled and there was late diabetic neuropathy. GET was also significantly prolonged in patients with functional dyspepsia (31.4 +/- 9.7 min; P < 0.055). There was a positive correlation with the clinical dismobility type of the dyspepsia. It is concluded from the findings that ultrasonographic measurement of GET successfully identifies noninvasively abnormal gastric motility in different types of disease.
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PMID:[The feasibility of ultrasonography for the evaluation of stomach motility disorders]. 816 39

In this study of 27 patients with dyspepsia, we compared three methods for obtaining upper small bowel contents for culture: 1) the Enterotest or string capsule method, 2) duodenal intubation using a closed polyethylene tube filled with water that had been boiled for sterilization and removal of dissolved oxygen, and 3) brushing of duodenal mucosa with a cytology brush protected by a sheath (the last two done during endoscopy). In 12 of the 27 patients, duplicate intubations and brushings were performed. The samples obtained were cultured aerobically. Parameters used to compare the three methods were: the contribution of each method to the diagnosis of upper small bowel bacterial overgrowth (USBBO), agreement between the methods in diagnosis of USBBO and in detailed microbiological findings, and the reproducibility of diagnosis of USBBO and of microbiological findings in duplicate intubation and brushing. Intubation and brushing were highly reproducible and superior to the Enterotest in all of the tested parameters. Intubation and brushing are equally efficacious, but intubation is preferred because of the slight cost advantage, ease of specimen processing, and the ability to obtain anaerobic specimens.
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PMID:Comparison of three methods to obtain upper small bowel contents for culture. 814 82

The effect of coffee on gastric emptying was addressed in a scintigraphic liquid-phase gastric emptying study in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Ninety-three subjects (56 males, 37 females; mean age 40 years, range 17-77 years) diagnosed as having non-ulcer dyspepsia were enrolled in the study. The baseline study was to drink 500 ml of 5% glucose water and the coffee study was to drink 500 ml of 5% glucose water containing 4 g of regular instant coffee. The two studies were performed on separate days. Fifteen of the 93 subjects were chosen at random to undergo repeated coffee studies for evaluation of reproducibility. Overall the 93 subjects showed accelerated gastric emptying, as measured by half emptying time (T1/2) with coffee compared with baseline (35.7 +/- 10.5 vs 45.0 +/- 23.1 min, P < 0.001). However, 68 (73.2%) subjects showed accelerated emptying (-14.8 +/- 19.5 min), while 25 (26.8%) subjects showed delayed emptying (5.9 +/- 4.5 min) after ingestion of coffee. There was no significant difference in the change in gastric emptying with coffee in duplicate measurements from the 15 subjects who had two coffee studies (P = 0.082). We conclude that coffee accelerates liquid-phase gastric emptying in the majority of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:The effect of coffee on gastric emptying. 858 58

The third human case of natural infection by Heterophyopsis continua in Korea was found in Chinju, Kyongsangnam-do. The case was a 53-year-old man. He used to eat raw brackish and fresh water fish. After praziquantel treatment and purgation, H. continua were collected from the diarrheal stool together with Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes nocens and Echinostoma hortense. His clinical complaints were indigestion, epigastric discomfort, poor appetite and fatigue. The complaints were considered rather due to heavy M. yokogawai infection.
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PMID:One human case of natural infection by Heterophyopsis continua and three other species of intestinal trematodes. 882 Jul 45

It is well known that Helicobacter pylori infection is extremely common throughout the world, but most infected persons do not develop ulceration and remain asymptomatic. This study was undertaken in order to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection, the age distribution, and the factors that may affect the frequency of H. pylori infection. We evaluated the presence of antibody against H. pylori in children and adolescents, we also assessed the efficacy of non-invasive and invasive methods for detection of H. pylori infection in children who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We evaluated 43 males and 18 females whose ages ranged from 1 to 17 years (mean age: 9.4 +/- 4.2). 29 of all cases were symptomatic and 32 were asymptomatic. H. pylori infection was present in 49% of the studied cases. The data were analysed by Fisher's exact chi-square and Mantel-Haenszel tests. It was found that H. pylori infection graphically increased with age in both groups from 25% at ages 3-5 to 80% at ages 16-20. But no association was determined statistically between age and H. pylori positivity (p < 0.05). H. pylori infection was determined in 14 (48%) and 16 (50%) cases in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups respectively. There was no significant difference between H. pylori and either group (p > 0.05). According to the endoscopy findings, the symptomatic group was divided into two subgroups: children with peptic ulcer and children with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). An attempt was made to compare ulcer, non ulcer dyspepsia and asymptomatic cases with H. pylori positivity, but no significant relation could be established between the groups (p > 0.05). 14 (23%) of the cases had previous gastric and/or intestinal complaints in their parents (positive family history). There was a significant, statistically positive relation between family history and symptoms (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, no association was found between H. pylori infection and family history (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in H. pylori infection related to sex, type of housing, location of housing, socio-economic status (SES) or source of water supply. It is concluded that H. pylori infection has a high prevalence in our country. Although endoscopic evaluation is an invasive method, under our conditions, histopathological examination with 97% is shown to be much more sensitive in determination of H. pylori infection. Since no community difference was determined in the prevalence of H. pylori infection, all children should be considered to be under the threat of the same risk.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic children: a prospective clinical study. 893 28


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