Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From each of 2 tetanic herds and 1 control herd 20 cows were randomly selected to determine serum levels of Mg, Ca, inorganic P, Na, K, Cl-, total protein, urea, GOT-activity and blood-glucose level. In rumen fluid the number of ciliates, ammonia, level, pH and total acidity were examined. Haematological investigations were carried out. Moreover dry matter and height of the herbage were measured, and meteorological measurements were utilized. The investigations were carried out before grazing and than on the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th day of grazing. Symptoms of metabolic disturbances and alcalic indigestion were found to be more distinct in the tetanic herds than in control herd. The method of MgO-pulverization on pastures was found to be useless. On the other hand, MgO-food-supplementation according to generally known methods was found to be of high usefulness. MgO-treatment at a dose of 50 g per cow and day in a period of 14 days before grazing effectively prevented the outbreak of hypomagnesaemia in spite of such tetanogenic factors as unfavourable weather, insufficience of dry matter in the herbage and subclinical alcalic indigestion with disturbed nitrogen metabolism.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of preventive treatment of acute hypomagnesemia on the biochemical and morphological indicators in cows during the grazing period]. 716 97

The level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was measured in the basal and maximally stimulated gastric juice of 20 control subjects and 20 patients each with duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Basal gastric juice was analysed for ammonia and urea concentrations, and the [ammonia]3/[urea] ratio was used to show Helicobacter pylori status, as was the [13C]urea breath test in nine controls. There was complete concordance in the nine controls between the two methods for determining H. pylori status. Twenty-five subjects were H. pylori positive (seven with duodenal ulcer, nine with non-ulcer dyspepsia, nine controls) and 35 H. pylori negative (13, 11 and 11 respectively). In H. pylori-positive subjects, the median EGF concentrations in the stimulated secretion of patients with duodenal ulcer and without (non-ulcer dyspepsia and controls combined) were 46.7 and 18.0 ng/ml (P < 0.001), and in H. pylori-negative subjects were 40.0 and 26.5 ng/ml respectively (P < 0.01). There was no difference in EGF concentration between controls and subjects with non-ulcer dyspepsia irrespective of H. pylori status. Lack of EGF is unlikely to be a cause of duodenal ulcer. The increased EGF concentration in patients with ulcer bore no relationship to the H. pylori status of the individual. If this bacterium causes duodenal ulcer, it is not via a reduction in EGF concentration.
 ...
PMID:Gastric juice epidermal growth factor concentration and Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. 755 96

Recently many reports have shown a strong association between Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach and recurrent peptic ulcer. Moreover, prospective cohort serological studies showed that H. pylori infected individuals have significantly increased rate of gastric cancer in the USA. H. pylori is a gram-negative spiral organism which has urease activity and produces ammonia and CO2 from urea, and nestles in the gastric pits and overlaying mucus gel layer. Many diagnostic methods of H. pylori infection are available; ie bacterial culture, 13C-urea breath test, histology, serum IgG antibody against H. pylori. We developed a new method, ie tissue IgA antibody against H. pylori and detection of H. pylori DNA in the gastric juice by PCR method. Triple therapies with metronidazole, bismuth compounds, and amoxicillin or tetracyclin are difficult to use in Japan because of their sever side effects. Thus, new methods with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin have been introduced. We treated 14 patients of whom were H. pylori positive-active peptic ulcer with 30 mg/day of lansoprazole, a new PPI, plus 1,500 mg/day of amoxicillin for 2 weeks and 8 (57%) patients were eradicated. Gastric carcinogenesis are multi-steps and multifactorials process. Hypothetical sequence of intestinal type of gastric cancer is that superficial gastritis-->atrophic gastritis-->intestinal metaplasia-->dysplasia-->gastric cancer and H. pylori infection may play a role in the early stage of the sequence. We examined mucosal IgA antibody against H. pylori in chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia detected by the Tes-Tape method in 25 resected specimens after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Positivity rates of tissue H. pylori IgA antibody were lower in the mucosa of intestinal metaplasia than in non-metaplastic gastric mucosa and were negative in carcinoma. Causal relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer is not proven and factors other than H. pylori infection are also important in the gastric carcinogenesis. Finally we introduce 2 reports: (1) NIH Consensus Conference: Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease (JAMA. 1994; 272: 65-69). The consensus panel concluded that 1. ulcer patients with H. pylori infection require treatment with antimicrobial agents in addition to antisecretory drugs whether on first presentation with the illness or on recurrence; 2. the value of treating nonulcerative dyspepsia patients with H. pylori infection remains to be determined; and 3. the interesting relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer requires further exploration. (2) World Health Organization: Working Group Meeting (Reported in World Congress of Gastroenterology, Los Angeles, 1994). H. pylori plays a causal role in the chain of events leading to cancer of the stomach. Group I: definite carcinogen.
 ...
PMID:[Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer]. 785 88

In this paper we describe 3 clinical cases of hypothyroidism causing myopathy and hyperammonemia. The patients, all females, aged 32 to 64 years, presented with hoarseness, fatigue, dyspepsia (case I), difficulty speaking secondary to the sensation of tongue swelling and hoarseness (case II), and progressive weight gain and difficulty speaking secondary to tongue swelling after delivery (case III). Laboratory tests showed a marked increase in creatine phosphokinase (up to 4090 U/L; normal values 24-176 U/L) of muscle origin, and an increase in transaminases and ammonia (124 to 150 micrograms/dL; normal values up to 75 micrograms/dL). Hypothyroidism was confirmed by TSH > 100 microIU/mL (normal values 0.3-5 microIU/mL). Treatment only with L-thyroxine determined the complete and persistent recovery of well-being and of biochemical abnormalities. The patients remained in good health after more than 2 years of follow-up. Our finding of hyperammonemia caused by the lack of thyroid hormones in 3 patients with hypothyroid myopathy appears to be of a certain interest as, to our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously described. In conclusion our hypothesis is that increased muscle production of ammonia secondary to the hypothyroid myopathy determined an increased ammonia load, resulting in hyperammonemia. Decreased liver ureagenesis induced by the lack of thyroid hormones also contributed to the hyperammonemia.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperammonemia during hypothyroidism: an unusual biohumoral finding normalized by hormonal replacement treatment]. 1063 22

Helicobacter pylori (HP), undoubtedly, the most common world-wide infection plays an important role in pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Proof for a causal role for HP in peptic ulcer rests in two major points; 1) the majority of ulcer patients are HP infected and the prevalence of this infection for both gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) is much higher than for gender- and age-adjusted controls and 2) the cure of HP infection dramatically reduces ulcer recurrence. Conclusions regarding the mechanisms by which HP induces peptic ulcer are restricted mainly to studies observing the consequences of its eradication by antibiotics combined with gastric inhibitors or bismuth agents. Several specific virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) as well as other noxious substances including ammonia, lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), platelet activating factor (PAF), nitric oxide (NO) and others have been implicated in gastritis and were found to be significantly more frequent in gastric cancer than in gender- and age-matched controls, especially in younger generation. Chronic inflammation, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, impaired defense mechanisms combined with hypergastrinemia, deficiency of vitamin C in the stomach , excessive oxygen metabolites and epithelial cell proliferation have been associated with gastric cancer. This multi-step pathway originally proposed by Correa and his colleagues, long before the HP was discovered in the stomach, leads to cancer but may be reversed by eradication of HP. This is, however, a controversial issue because gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia may be also caused by other factors such as bile reflux, dietary irritants, and autoimmunity. The implication of HP in MALT-lymphoma is based on the observations that eradication of HP in early stage of low-grade of this tumor leads to complete remission. The significance of HP in non-ulcer dyspepsia remains questionable and requires further studies.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori associated gastric pathology. 1069 52

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral shaped bacterium that resides in the stomach mucosa. Isolation of H. pylori from the stomach mucosa changed the erstwhile widely held belief that the stomach contains no bacteria and is actually sterile. Once H. pylori is safely ensconced in the mucus, it is able to neutralize the acid in the stomach by elaborating an enzyme called urease. Urease converts urea, of which there is an abundant supply in the stomach (derived from saliva and the gastric juice), into bicarbonate and ammonia, which are strong bases. These bases form a cloud of acid-neutralizing chemicals in the vicinity of the organisms, protecting them from the acid in the stomach. This urea hydrolysis reaction is utilized for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in the urea breath test (UBT) and the rapid urease test (RUT). In Japan, both invasive tests, such as bacterial culture, histopathology and RUT, and non-invasive tests such as UBT and serology are conducted for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. For confirming the results of eradication therapy, UBT is considered to be the most sensitive and specific. In order to treat H. pylori infection, a new one-week triple therapy regimen (lansoprazole or omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin) has been approved for use in patients with peptic ulcer disease in Japan. As for H. pylori eradication in the case of other diseases in which the bacterium has been implicated (e.g., chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma, gastric cancer, non-ulcer dyspepsia, chronic urticaria, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)), further basic and clinical investigation is required.
 ...
PMID:Current consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease. 1452 49

A novel fluorous-tagged ammonia equivalent has been developed. It is based on a nitrogen-oxygen bond, which can be cleaved in a traceless manner by a molybdenum complex or samarium diiodide. The application in the synthesis of ureas, amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates is described. The scope of the fluorous N-O linker is exemplified by the synthesis of itopride, a drug used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Itopride was synthesized with the aid of fluorous purification methods and the product was isolated in good overall yield, with high purity.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis and application of a new fluorous-tagged ammonia equivalent. 2033 16