Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since Warren and Marshall rediscovered in 1983 the presence of a spiral microorganism on the gastric mucosa, and named it Campylobacter Pylori (CP), its significance and characteristics have been largely studied. CP has fulfilled Koch's postulates, which need to proven before a microorganism can be said to cause a disease. The natural source of infection is unknown, but in human volunteer studies, ingestion of a suspension of CP was followed by the development of severe dyspepsia associated with colonization of gastric antrum and histologically proven gastritis B. CP is found overying the gastric epithelium, in the gastric crypts and in the mucus gel layer that protects it from gastric acid. There it causes infiltration of the mucosa by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and mononuclear cells, and mucin depletion. It is found in 60-70% of children with chronic active antral gastritis and can cause various lesions of upper intestinal tract, like esophagitis, duodenitis and gastric or duodenal ulcers. Several tests have been proposed to detect serum antibody against CP, but they are not yet commercially available. Breath test with C 13 or C 14-urea are promising, but up to now the diagnosis can be made only by upper G.I. endoscopy and antral biopsy. A pseudopolypoid antral gastritis seems to be the peculiar lesion caused by CP, but in children it is present only in 40% of cases. CP is easily seen in antral biopsies by Giemsa or Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, or can be cultured in Skirrow's agar under microaerophilic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Campylobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathology in children]. 328 48

Gastritis is a histopathologic diagnosis, which correlates poorly with both clinical symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia and endoscopic abnormalities. Worldwide, most cases of gastritis are due to Helicobacter pylori and are characterized by a diffuse superficial antral gastritis. Chronic inflammatory cells and lymphoid follicles are present in the lamina propria. Neutrophils are present in the surface and pit-lining epithelium. In North America and Western Europe, reactive gastropathy due to duodenal reflux or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is also common. In this condition, there is no increase in inflammatory cells, but the pit-lining cells become hyperplastic, and the pits have a corkscrew appearance. Most examples of multifocal atrophic gastritis are the result of long standing Helicobacter gastritis, although there may be other causes as well. It is characterized by loss of glands in both pyloric and corpus mucosae with intestinal metaplasia of the surface epithelium. A subtype of intestinal metaplasia, in which sulphomucin (large bowel mucin) is present, has been associated with the development of distal gastric cancer. However, this association is relatively weak and is not considered useful for screening purposes. Gastric dysplasia may develop in areas of the stomach affected by intestinal metaplasia. High-grade dysplasia is a significant finding, with up to 60 percent of cases having coincident carcinoma and a further 25 percent of cases likely to develop an invasive malignancy within fifteen months.
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PMID:The morphology of gastritis. 904 89

There is considerable debate about whether the mucous neck cell (MNC) in the mucosa of the gastric corpus is merely a transit cell population, intermediate between gastric stem cells and the differentiated zymogenic (chief or peptic) cell lineages, or has distinct functions of its own. To cast light on these possibilities, the secretory phenotype of the MNC has been examined. Archival gastric body samples from non-ulcer dyspepsia biopsies and gastrectomies performed for peptic ulcer disease were stained with antibodies to the trefoil peptides TFF1/pS2 and TFF2/SP, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR), and to the MUC1 gene product--HMFG2. Human MNCs express PSTI, TFF1/pS2, TFF2/SP, and EGF proteins, while rat MNCs express TFF2/SP; the mucin contained in the MNCs is diastase/periodic acid Schiff (D/PAS)-positive and stains with human milk fat globulin (HMFG2). The canaliculi but not the cytoplasm of adjacent parietal cells were also decorated focally by D/PAS, by HMFG2, and by antibodies to TFF2/SP and TFF1/pS2. These findings favour the hypothesis that MNCs have a defined phenotype and are thus a separate and distinct cell lineage, secreting a number of luminally-active peptides which protect the gastric mucosa, and in particular the adjacent parietal cells, from the effects of secreted gastric acid. Moreover, a considerable degree of similarity in secretory profile is noted between MNCs and the so-called 'reparative lineages' in the gut--the ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL) and hyperplastic polyp epithelium. If, on the other hand, the MNCs are indeed a transit population differentiating into zymogenic or peptic cells, then it is clear that having differentiated into one secretory phenotype producing a range of peptides, the MNC then proceeds to differentiate into a cell with a totally different secretory phenotype, a phenomenon unique in gastrointestinal cell lineage relationships.
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PMID:The mucous neck cell in the human gastric corpus: a distinctive, functional cell lineage. 1039 88

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms include a large spectrum of lesions communicating with the Wirsung duct, having a variable invasiveness from benign or borderline, to malignant (carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer). Final diagnosis is based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration and histopathologic exam of surgical specimens. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman, with several episodes of acute recurrent pancreatitis in the past 6 months, admitted for dyspepsia, nausea and loss of appetite. Imaging studies (transabdominal ultrasonography, CT scanning, MR cholangiopancreatography) showed a macrocystic, multilocular, corporeal tumor, communicating with the retrograde dilated Wirsung duct. EUS revealed hypoechoic material inside the cysts, raising the suspicion of an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Diagnosis was confirmed by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration, which found columnar mucinous cells within a mucin-rich fluid. The imaging evaluation was repeated after two years, showing a rapid evolution of the tumor. The patient refused surgical exploration and caudal pancreatectomy. In the context of the absence of clinical symptoms, the indolent evolution of these tumors and the excellent prognosis after resection, we consider that early identification and regular follow-up by EUS with fine needle aspiration is imperative, especially because of the limited success of other imaging methods.
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PMID:Natural evolution of an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. A case report. 1741 Feb 97

Signet-ring cell type of gastric carcinoma can easily escape detection by the pathologist, and this confusion is compounded by the presence of morphologic patterns other than the conventional appearance. One such morphologic variant is composed of deeply eosinophilic cells containing minute cytoplasmic granules with neutral mucin. With this morphology, epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and hepatoid and rhabdoid variants of adenocarcinoma enter the list of diagnostic possibilities, and accurate diagnosis is essential for therapeutic and prognostic considerations. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and black-colored stools. Endoscopy revealed a growth at the incisura, a biopsy specimen from which was reported as a poorly differentiated tumor. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy and the resected specimen showed a 6.5 x 4-cm circumferential growth in the antropyloric region. Histological sections from the growth showed transmural infiltration by deeply eosinophilic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. A differential diagnosis of epithelioid GIST, rhabdoid variant, hepatoid variant, and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma was considered. Special stains and immunohistochemistry confirmed the tumor to be a variant of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Morphologic variations of signet-ring cell carcinoma pose an important diagnostic dilemma, which has therapeutic and prognostic significance for the patient. These variants need to be recognized by pathologists to enable an accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Deeply eosinophilic cell variant of signet-ring type of gastric carcinoma: a diagnostic dilemma. 1846 67

Pongamia pinnata has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions and dyspepsia. The present work includes initial phytochemical screening and study of ulcer protective and healing effects of methanolic extract of seeds of P. pinnata (PPSM) in rats. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of flavonoids in PPSM. PPSM when administered orally (po) showed dose-dependent (12.5-50 mg/kg for 5 days) ulcer protective effects against gastric ulcer induced by 2 h cold restraint stress. Optimal effective dose of PPSM (25 mg/kg) showed antiulcerogenic activity against acute gastric ulcers (GU) induced by pylorus ligation and aspirin and duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine but not against ethanol-induced GU. It healed chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid when given for 5 and 10 days. Further, its effects were studied on various parameters of gastric offensive acid-pepsin secretion, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and defensive mucosal factors like mucin secretion and mucosal cell shedding, glycoproteins, proliferation and antioxidants; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PPSM tended to decrease acid output and increased mucin secretion and mucosal glycoproteins, while it decreased gastric mucosal cell shedding without any effect on cell proliferation. PPSM significantly reversed the increase in gastric mucosal LPO, NO and SOD levels caused by CRS near to the normal level while it tended to increase CAT and GSH level decreased by CRS and ethanol respectively. Thus, the ulcer protective effects of PPSM may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and the actions may be due to its effects both on mucosal offensive and defensive factors.
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PMID:Effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata Linn seed on gastro-duodenal ulceration and mucosal offensive and defensive factors in rats. 1977 71

The patient is a previously healthy 52-year-old woman who presented with dyspepsia for two months. Multiple imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse bile duct dilatation with an obstructive lesion of the distal extrahepatic biliary duct (EHD) as well as two masses in the peripancreatic area. The peripancreatic masses appeared cystic with posterior acoustic enhancement on ultrasound, low density on CT imaging, and high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. The lesion in the distal EHD exhibited similar characteristics on CT and MRI. A Whipple procedure was performed and histological specimens showed malignant cells with large mucin pools that was consistent with a diagnosis of colloid carcinoma of the EHD with metastatic lymphadenopathies. Colloid carcinoma, also called mucinous carcinoma, is classified as a histologic variant of adenocarcinoma. Because the colloid carcinoma of the biliary tree is exceedingly rare, the imaging characteristics and the clinical features of colloid carcinoma remain relatively unknown. We report a case of colloid carcinoma of the common bile duct and its accompanied metastatic lymphadenopathies with characteristic imaging findings reflecting abundant intratumoral mucin pools.
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PMID:Colloid carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract with metastatic lymphadenopathy mimicking cystic neoplasm: a case report. 2404 86

Some Gentiana species have been used by the nomadic people of Siberia as bitter teas or appetizers to eliminate digestive disorders (dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, etc.). We studied the most frequently used gentians: Gentiana algida, G. decumbens, G. macrophylla and G. triflora. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical features and gastrostimulatnt activity of these four gentian herbs. Five iridoids, seven flavones and mangiferin were detected in gentian herbs after analysis by microcolumn-RP-HPLC-UV-ESI-MS. A componential phytochemical profile of the G. decumbens herb is presented for the first time, as well as information about distinct phytochemicals found in gentian herbs. HPLC quantification of the specific compounds of gentian herbs demonstrated the high content of iridoids (24.73-73.53 mg/g) and flavonoids (12.92-78.14 mg/g). The results of biological activity evaluation of four gentian decoctions demonstrated their good ability to stimulate acid-, enzyme- and mucin-forming functions of the stomach attributed to mostly by iridoids and flavonoids. In general, it can be claimed that the gentian decoctions can be used as effective and safe appetizers and are also a good source of biologically active agents.
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PMID:Iridoids and Flavonoids of Four Siberian Gentians: Chemical Profile and Gastric Stimulatory Effect. 2650 31

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease that usually originates from mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and, less commonly, from extra-appendiceal tumors, but it may also be caused by synchronous primary mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix. The current study discusses the case of a 73-year-old female who presented with progressively worsening indigestion and abdominal distension. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis revealed a large cystic mass with a thin enhancing septa arising from the right ovary and ascites with scalloping of the liver surface. On laparotomy, the patient was observed to have a large ruptured mass on the right ovary and a partially amputed distended appendix filled with mucin. The subsequent pathology report confirmed a borderline mucinous tumor of the right ovary and a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm associated with PMP. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated the ovarian tumor stained strongly positive for cytokeratin (CK)-7, and negatively for CK-20 and homeobox protein CDX-2 (CDX2), whereas the appendiceal tumor stained negative for CK-7 and positive for CK-20 and CDX2. This study presents a rare case of PMP caused by synchronous primary mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix in a postmenopausal female.
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PMID:An unusual case of pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with synchronous primary mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix: A case report. 2859 82