Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Today about 90% of patients with testicular cancer can be cured. The consideration of treatment-related long-term morbidity has, therefore, become an important issue. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy induces long-lasting Raynaud-like phenomena and/or peripheral sensoric, usually mild, neuropathy in 30-40% of the patients. Irreversible reduction of renal function is a frequent finding after chemotherapy, especially if high doses of cisplatin are given. Abdominal radiotherapy is generally well tolerated but may lead to slight chronic meteorism and dyspepsia. 'Dry ejaculation' represents the principal sequelae after retroperitoneal surgery. The frequency of this side effect can be reduced by nerve-sparing surgery. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce spermatogenesis transiently. About 2 years after discontinuation of treatment, sperm production has recovered in most of the patients with normal pretreatment gonadal function. At least half of the patients with a desire for post-treatment paternity are able to father a child after their treatment. Assisted fertilization may reduce post-treatment infertility problems for individual couples. In general, cured testicular cancer patients are more satisfied with life than an age-matched control group, but may present a greater fluctuation of their mood and affect. In conclusion, most cured testicular cancer patients enjoy a normal life if precaution is taken to reduce therapy-related side effects to a minimum. However, reduction of the complication rate would not lead to a decrease of the present high cure rate of this malignancy.
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PMID:Long-term morbidity and quality of life in testicular cancer patients. 178 14

Chemotherapy treatment can lead to delayed gastric emptying, early satiety, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, described collectively as the cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome (CADS). Administration of ghrelin (GHRL), an endogenous orexigenic peptide known to stimulate gastric motility, has been shown to reduce the symptoms of CADS induced in relevant animal models with the potent chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. We examined the effects in the rat of cisplatin (6 mg/kg i.p.) treatment on the expression of GHRL and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) mRNAs in the hypothalamus and the stomach at a time-point (2 days) when the effects of cisplatin are pronounced. In addition, plasma levels of GHRL (acylated and total including des-acyl GHRL) were measured and the effect on these levels of treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (2 mg/kg s.c. bd.) was investigated. Cisplatin increased GHSR mRNA expression in the stomach (67%) and hypothalamus (52%) but not GHRL mRNA expression and increased the percentage of acylated GHRL (7.03+/-1.35% vs. 11.38+/-2.40%) in the plasma. Dexamethasone reduced the plasma level of acylated GHRL and the percentage of acylated GHRL to values below those in animals treated with saline alone (7.03+/-1.35% vs. 2.60+/-0.49%). Our findings support the hypothesis that an adaptive upregulation of the ghrelin receptor may occur during cancer chemotherapy-associated dyspepsia. This may have a role in defensive responses to toxic challenges to the gut. In addition, our results provide preliminary evidence for glucocorticoid modulation of plasma ghrelin levels.
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PMID:Adaptive upregulation of gastric and hypothalamic ghrelin receptors and increased plasma ghrelin in a model of cancer chemotherapy-induced dyspepsia. 1845 14

Grape skin and seeds contain large amounts of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, resveratrol, and proanthocyanidins, which possess antioxidant activities. Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of cancer. High doses of cisplatin have also been known to produce acute adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of antioxidant properties of whole grape juice (with skin and seeds) on cisplatin-induced acute gastrointestinal tract disorders and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Gastric emptying is significantly increased in whole grape juice-pretreated rats when compared to cisplatin treatment alone. The expression of ghrelin mRNA of stomach is increased in rats with whole grape juice. However, pretreatment with whole grape juice did not reduce renal function markers in acute renal toxicity. No significant changes were recorded in the oxidative stress/antioxidant status parameters of any study group. In contrast, pretreatment with whole grape juice slightly improved tubular cell vacuolization, tubular dilatation, and cast formation in renal tubules. These results show that consumption of whole grape juice induces somewhat beneficial effects in preventing cisplatin-mediated dyspepsia but does not offer protection against cisplatin-induced acute renal toxicity.
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PMID:Differential effects of grape juice on gastric emptying and renal function from cisplatin-induced acute adverse toxicity. 2642 32