Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Buspirone stimulates central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors and brings about the release of prolactin, and there is evidence to suggest that the extent of prolactin release after a challenge with buspirone is an indicator of the sensitivity of central 5HT receptors. Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of non-ulcer dyspepsia, eight normal healthy volunteers, and six patients with peptic ulcer disease were each given a challenge test of 60 mg buspirone orally, and prolactin release over a 3-h period was monitored. The mean prolactin response was significantly greater in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia than in healthy controls and peptic ulcer disease patients. The results suggest that central 5HT receptors may be supersensitive in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:Serotonin supersensitivity: the pathophysiologic basis of non-ulcer dyspepsia? A preliminary report of buspirone/prolactin responses. 235 83

A 21-day, open-label, multisite, dose escalation study comprising three demographic groups (children, adolescents, and adults) was performed to determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of orally administered buspirone. Thirteen children and 12 adolescents with anxiety disorder and 14 normal healthy adults were escalated from 5 to 30 mg buspirone bid over the 3-week study. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that buspirone was rapidly absorbed in all study groups, reaching peak levels at about 1 hour after administration. Peak plasma buspirone concentrations (Cmax) were highest in children and lowest in adults at all three dose levels (7.5, 15, 30 mg bid). However, 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP), the primary metabolite of buspirone, exhibited a different plasma concentration-time profile; Cmax was significantly higher in children than in either adolescents or adults at all concentrations. In addition, TAUC0-T for 1-PP was significantly higher in the children cohort relative to adolescents and adults. Buspirone was generally safe and well tolerated at doses up to 30 mg bid in adolescents and adults and most of the children. The most frequently reported adverse events in children and adolescents were lightheadedness (68%), headache (48%), and dyspepsia (20%); 2 children withdrewfrom the study at the higher doses (15 mg and 30 mg bid) due to adverse effects. In adults, the most common adverse effect was somnolence (21.4%); lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were also reported, although these were mild in intensity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of buspirone during oral administration to children and adolescents with anxiety disorder and normal healthy adults. 1176 63

The prevalence of psychopathology in patients presenting with functional bowel disorder to the gastroenterology department was determined using formal psychiatric rating scales. There was no evidence of excessive psychiatric disorder compared to a group of patients with peptic ulcer disease. However, greater trait scores for neuroticism and introversion were found in the functional disorder group, together with a greater reporting of life events perceived as negative. Central serotoninergic receptor role in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia was assessed using a neuroendocrine challenge test. Buspirone, an azaspirone, stimulates central serotoninergic-1(A) receptors and, as a consequence, releases prolactin, and the extent of prolactin release after the challenge is an indicator of central serotoninergic receptor sensitivity. The mean prolactin response was significantly greater in patients with functional dyspepsia than in healthy controls and peptic ulcer disease patients. The sensitivity of the central serotoninergic receptors was also highly correlated with the degree of delayed solid phase gastric emptying assessed scintigraphically. Finally, dyspeptic symptoms can be reproduced in patients by an intravenous cholecystokinin infusion and severity of response was analysed using a visual analogue scale.
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PMID:Serotonin and physical illness: focus on non-ulcer dyspepsia. 2228 64

The effects of antidepressants on the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to their potential efficacy in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome; buspirone, a prototype 5-HT1A agonist, enhances gastric accommodation and reduces postprandial symptoms in response to a challenge meal. Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, accelerates small bowel but not colonic transit, and this property may not be relevant to improve gut function in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Venlafaxine, a prototype serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, enhances gastric accommodation, increases colonic compliance and reduces sensations to distension; however, it is associated with adverse effects that reduce its applicability in treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Tricyclic antidepressants reduce sensations in response to food, including nausea, and delay gastric emptying, especially in females. Buspirone appears efficacious in functional dyspepsia; amitriptyline was not efficacious in a large trial of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical trials of antidepressants for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome are generally small. The recommendations of efficacy and number needed to treat from meta-analyses are suspect, and more prospective trials are needed in patients without diagnosed psychiatric diseases. Antidepressants appear to be more effective in the treatment of patients with anxiety or depression, but larger prospective trials assessing both clinical and pharmacodynamic effects on gut sensorimotor function are needed.
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PMID:Effects on gastrointestinal functions and symptoms of serotonergic psychoactive agents used in functional gastrointestinal diseases. 2325 79