Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Helicobacter pylori (HP) are Gram-negative spiral bacteria which occur in the human stomach. The bacteria were cultured in vitro for the first time in 1983. It is suspected that the bacteria may cause chronic gastritis of type B and may also be a contributory cause of chronic ulceration and cancer of the stomach. The bacteria are accompanied by characteristic inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. The significance for gastritis, chronic ulceration, non-ulcer dyspepsia and carcinoma of the stomach is discussed. HP occurs in a great proportion of the population of the world and the frequency increases with age. The route of infection is unknown but faecal-oral infection is probable. Correlation between the presence of HP and the occurrence of symptoms is poor in the individual patient. The bacteria can be demonstrated histologically, cytologically, by culture, by the urease test, by the urease expiration test or serologically. The bacteria are sensitive for a series of antibiotics and bismuth but no effective treatment is known as the recurrence rate is high.
 ...
PMID:[Helicobacter pylori]. 163 4

We present the results of ultrastructural studies of gastric mucosa obtained through upper digestive endoscopy of eight patients with suspicious symptoms of non ulcer dyspepsia or peptic ulcer. Two were male and six female with a median age of 54 years. The urease test to determine the presence of HP and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Warthin-Starry staining techniques were practiced with the purpose of a better detection of bacteria and gastritis. We did not find any correlation between the endoscopic results and the presence of gastritis or HP. Of the 8 patients only one had negative results for HP and for Electron microscopy studies. Chronic active gastritis was seen with light microscopy in all of the cases. Three in this group presented mild focal dysplasia and one case intestinal metaplasia type IIa. The main ultrastructural findings were: a) diminished or absent microvilli underneath the bacteria; b) HP inside phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells; c) in some cases, the bacteria was attached to the cell membrane; d) the cellular wall of HP contains mucopolysaccharides and up to four polar flagella; e) there are polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the epithelium. We conclude that Electron Microscopy is not a routine method for studying HP, but it constitutes a good method to study pathogenicity of the bacteria.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrastructural study of the antral mucosa to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori and its association with chronic active gastritis]. 172 15

Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the genesis of human gastritis, dyspepsia, and peptic ulcers. However, its influence in the quality of experimental gastric ulcer healing has not been previously investigated. Standardized gastric fundic ulcers were produced in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) by a 4 mm in diameter focal, serosal application of 100% acetic acid. Thirty rats were administered 2 ml H. pylori suspension (urease producing, ATCC 43504) in normal saline (10(8) CFU/ml) 2x/day for 7 days. Twenty rats (controls) received 2 ml normal saline 2x/day for 7 days. Gastric ulcer surface area was measured under a dissecting microscope and mucosal specimens were obtained for qualitative and quantitative histology. No gross or microscopic duodenal abnormalities were identified at sacrifice. Ninety percent of control rats showed grossly and microscopically entirely healed ulcers. The remaining 10% showed partially reepithelialized ulcers (area, 0.78 to 1.77 mm2; mean, 1.27 +/- 0.7 mm2). The grossly "healed" mucosa demonstrated marked dilatation of gastric glands lined with mature surface epithelial cells. Parietal cells were scanty (5-10% of all cells). One hundred percent of the H. pylori-exposed rats showed persistence of chronic active ulcers (area, 1.76 to 19.63 mm2; mean, 8.95 +/- 6.15 mm2). The ulcer beds were infiltrated by acute and chronic inflammatory cells, abundant fibroblasts, and capillary networks. The raised ulcer borders were characterized by dilated glands lined by mature surface epithelial cells. Various special stains demonstrated the presence of H. pylori in the surface mucus and within the crypts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori affects the quality of experimental gastric ulcer healing in a new animal model. 174 15

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is an important etiological factor in chronic gastritis and duodenal ulceration. Demonstration of HP by means of culture and histological examination is relatively time-consuming. The object of this investigation was to assess the validity of two rapidly read chemical tests: the buffered urease reagent (BR) and the unbuffered urease reagent (UBR) in demonstration of HP among patients referred for gastroscopy on account of upper abdominal dyspepsia. In 230 sets of biopsies investigated for HP by culture and histology, the following results were obtained by reading of the BR test three hours later at room temperature: Nosographic sensitivity 0.54, nosographic specificity 0.97, PVpos 0.93 and PVneg 0.71. In another material consisting of 57 sets of biopsies, both BR and UBR were performed. Reading of UBR after 15 minutes yielded the following results: Nosographic sensitivity 0.56, nosographic specificity 1.00, PVpos 1.00 and PVneg 0.61. It is concluded that positive results of the urease tests indicate the presence of HP. If the urease tests are negative, supplementary culture and/or histological examination for HP should be performed. UBR is preferable rather than BR.
 ...
PMID:[Urease test for rapid demonstration of Helicobacter pylori in biopsies from the pyloric antrum]. 178 Oct 60

The purpose of the communication is to review the different aspects of the Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. The first part of the communication is devoted to the description of the different gastric pathologies induced by the Helicobacter pylori infection and to the different methods used for the detection of this infection. Today a consensus assesses a causal role to Helicobacter pylori in the development of chronic active gastritis (or type B gastritis), in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, and a major contributing factor in the development of peptic ulcer disease. The possible role played by this bacterium in the development of non-ulcer dyspepsia is still unclear. H. pylori infections can be detected using different methods including invasive methods--requiring an endoscopy (e.g.: culture of the micro-organism, urease test, microscopy) and non-invasive methods (e.g.: breath test, serology). Each of these methods has advantages but also some disadvantages, and none shows an absolute sensitivity and specificity. The second part of the presentation analyses the results obtained with a serologic method using a specific fractioned and purified antigenic complex extracted from Helicobacter pylori. This report demonstrates a good correlation with the other detection methods. Serology appears also as a useful tool for the therapeutical monitoring of infected patients. Serological results must however be interpreted in the light of the complete clinical examination of the patient.
 ...
PMID:[The role of serology in the diagnosis of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection]. 180 38

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, spiral rod, the role of which in different gastric diseases has been investigated worldwide since the beginning of the 1980s. H. pylori has been shown to be the causative agent in active chronic gastritis, and it is regularly found in patients endoscopied for duodenal ulcer. The bacterium is also frequently isolated from persons with gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Apart from cultivation of the bacterium, other diagnostic procedures include various staining methods and urease tests of gastric biopsy samples. The application of non-invasive diagnostic methods, serology and urea breath tests, is rapidly increasing. H. pylori is susceptible to several antimicrobials in vitro, but eradication of the bacterium from the gastric mucosa is not always achieved. The best results until now have been obtained with the combined use of bismuth salts and two antibiotics. In active chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer patients, eradication of the bacteria has resulted in healing of the disease with permanent decrease of circulating antibodies and negative urease tests. H. pylori has been found worldwide and the infection shows an age-dependent increase. Man, apparently, is the reservoir of the bacterium, but the exact mechanisms of interhuman transmission are still not defined.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori and associated gastroduodenal diseases. Review article. 185 43

20 H. pylori-positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease (n = 16, one with proof of gastric cancer obtained by histology) or severe non-ulcer dyspepsia (n = 4) were entered in a pilot study to examine the effect of a combination of omeprazole (40 mg) before breakfast and ciprofloxacin (2 x 500 mg) 1 hour after meals for 1 week to treat Helicobacter pylori (Hp). The eradication rate was 15% (3 out of 20 patients) 4 weeks after therapy. Ulcer healing occurred in 2 of 3 patients having eradication and 9 of 11 control patients with positive H. pylori urease test and/or culture 4 weeks after treatment. Despite some good theoretical background, this drug combination is inefficient to eradicate H. pylori and cannot be recommended for routine clinical practice. No major side effects of the therapy-regimen were observed.
 ...
PMID:[Ciprofloxacin-omeprazole combination therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori]. 186 70

A population of non ulcer dyspepsia outpatients with a normal gastroscopy was assessed. Clinical complaints, the type of the gastritis, its activity and bacterial density were evaluated. Helicobacter pylori (HP) was sought by histology, urease test and culture, on 3 distinct locations. HP was found in 62 p. cent of the patients, always in association with gastritis. Urease test and histology had the same sensitivity in the detection of HP. A randomized double blind study with amoxicillin vs placebo was carried out in 23 patients. At the end of 4 week treatment, a gastroscopy with biopsies was performed. The amoxicillin treated patients were significantly cured or improved. HP was undetectable or the bacterial density was decreased in this group. After amoxicillin, urease test was more sensitive than histology. HP might be involved in the pathophysiology of non ulcer dyspepsia in patients where HP was found.
 ...
PMID:[Dyspepsia and Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori. Results of a randomized therapeutic trial using amoxicillin versus placebos]. 202 80

Helicobacter pylori seeks gastric mucosa, whether found in the stomach, duodenum, or Barrett's esophagus. Definitive diagnosis can be secured by appropriate stains of mucosal biopsies and culture, but the rapid urease test, breath isotope studies, and serologic testing are also useful. The frequency of colonization increases with advancing age, but infection occurs earlier in underdeveloped countries. Although the reservoir is uncertain, water or food transmission seems likely. There is sufficient evidence to assign an etiologic role to the bacteria in the causation of type B antral gastritis. H. pylori is found in areas of gastric metaplasia within the duodenum and is associated with duodenitis. Although acute infection leads to hypochlorhydria, chronic colonization has little effect on acid secretion. Studies have thus far failed to establish a convincing relationship between H. pylori and nonulcer dyspepsia, although the bacteria may play a role in selected patients. H. pylori is found in association with most idiopathic gastric and duodenal ulcers, but it is unclear as to whether the bacteria plays a causative or permissive role. The organism has a predilection for intercellular spaces and the mucous layer, thus affording relative isolation from luminally active antibiotics. Monotherapy with bismuth preparations transiently eliminates the bacteria, but recolonization is rapid, probably due to regrowth of sequestered organisms. A combination of metronidazole, bismuth, and tetracycline (or amoxicillin) affords the best eradication rate, but the potential side effects of this program should be considered. The present therapy of duodenal ulcer disease is effective and without significant risk. Treatment of H. pylori should be reserved for those patients who relapse on adequate maintenance therapy. If a safe and effective antibiotic becomes available, more frequent testing and earlier treatment intervention may become more attractive. H. pylori is probably an "innocent bystander" for most patients, but the bacteria may sufficiently impair the defenses of the antral and duodenal mucosa to facilitate the development and relapse of ulcer disease in subsets of patients.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori: aggressor or innocent bystander? 207 88

Three rapid urease tests, i.e., liquid urea broth containing phenol red as indicator, liquid urea broth containing bromothymol blue as indicator and CLO gel were compared in 109 patients of dyspepsia for the diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection. Mean time taken for positive reaction in liquid broth with phenol was 3 minutes (range 0.6 to 5.3 minutes) with bromothymol blue was 3.5 minutes (range 0.4 to 5.5 minutes) while with CLO gel it was 101 minutes (range 11-261 minutes). There was no difference in results of liquid urea broth containing phenol red and bromothymol blue. The difference in timing of urea broth containing phenol red and bromothymol blue was statistically significant as compared to CLO gel (p less than 0.05). Rapid urease tests employing liquid urea broth are quick, simple and reliable for the diagnosis of Helicobacer pylori infection.
 ...
PMID:Relative merits of various rapid biopsy urease tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori). 209 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>