Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Individuals with chronic renal failure (CRF) may have a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) problems, including dyspepsia, acid peptic disease, and bacterial overgrowth. We investigated gastrointestinal function in 11 uremic patients, seven of whom were on dialysis three times a week and four who were not on dialysis. Ten normal subjects were studied as controls. The nutritional status of the patients did not differ from that of the control subjects. Seven patients demonstrated abnormal GI endoscopic findings, although none was severe; they also had prolonged oral-cecal transit times but had no evidence of bacterial overgrowth, and all had normal numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations within the intestinal mucosa. The patients had significantly reduced activities of mucosal sucrase and maltase but not of lactase. In spite of the reductions in these enzymatic activities, carbohydrate malabsorption was not evident in the CRF group, probably because of the vast reserve of the small intestine. No differences were noted between the groups in the activities of several intestinal peptidases. From these data, we concluded that GI function is essentially normal in patients with CRF and postulate that this normality, which is in contrast to previous findings, is related to recent advances in the clinical management of uremic patients.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal function, morphology, and immune status in uremia. 213 74

Milk intolerance, lactose intolerance and non-ulcer dyspepsia are common among Ethiopians. This study, therefore, was designed to find out if milk intolerance associated with lactase deficiency account for non-ulcer dyspepsia. Ninety-eight patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and 95 controls were examined and interviewed for demographic data and milk drinking habits. Then each had a lactose tolerance test (LTT), stool examination for pH, ova and parasites. The demographic characteristics and the number of milk drinkers were comparable in the 2 groups. However, milk intolerance and lactose intolerance were significantly higher among the patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia than among the control group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05 respectively). The combination of milk intolerance, lactose intolerance and LTT was also significantly different (p less than 0.01). The mean stool pH was markedly reduced after lactose ingestion and there were more ova and parasites in the stools of the control group. These observations suggest that milk intolerance and/or lactose intolerance account significantly for the symptoms of the patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. However, since lactose intolerance and abnormal LTT are very common among adult Ethiopians symptoms related to the drinking of milk should be interpreted with caution vis-a-vis the results of the lactose loading test.
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PMID:The role of milk and lactose intolerance in Ethiopian patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia: a case control study. 278 44

77 hospitalized patients with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints, in whom any other organic disease had been previously excluded, were investigated for lactose malabsorption; they were subdivided into two groups: 46 patients complaining primarily of colicky abdominal pain and/or intermittent diarrhoea (group 1) and 31 patients presenting with dyspepsia as the predominant symptom (group 2). To establish the exact prevalence of isolated lactase deficiency in the healthy adult population served by our hospital, 40 Italian adult healthy subjects were also studied. The prevalence of lactose malabsorption was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) in patients of the 1st group than in patients of the 2nd group, and in the healthy adult population seen at our hospital (74% vs 35.5% and 37.5%, respectively). Furthermore a high prevalence of lactose intolerance, determined by means of a three-week diet trial (lactose free-diet versus normal diet), was documented among lactose malabsorbers of the 1st group. We concluded therefore that lactose intolerance is a factor in some Italian adult patients who suffer from long-standing aspecific abdominal discomfort, and it should be always considered in these patients, especially when colicky abdominal pain and diarrhoea are present, before the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome is made.
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PMID:Lactose intolerance in adults with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints. 667 46

The first aim of the present study was to determine the cause of dyspepsia after negative conventional diagnostic work-up. In such patients, an extended diagnostic work-up was performed including esophageal pH monitoring and manometry, gastric and hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and lactose tolerance test. In 88 of 220 dyspeptic patients (mean age 49 years, range 17-87; 114 women) presenting to our gastroenterological outpatient department, a cause for dyspepsia was found by conventional work-up. Thirty-one of the remaining patients did not enter extended work-up because of minor symptoms. In 47 of 101 patients entering extended work-up, a diagnosis was established (21 endoscopy-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease, 11 gastric stasis, 6 biliary dyskinesia, and 5 lactase deficiency among them). A second aim of the study was to determine whether clusters of symptoms such as "gastroesophageal reflux-like," "dysmotility-like," and "dyspepsia of unknown origin" reliably predict the groups of diseases suggested by these terms. This was not the case. In conclusion, in 40% of dyspeptic patients, a conventional diagnostic work-up led to a diagnosis that explained a patient's symptoms. After a negative conventional diagnostic work-up, an extended diagnostic work-up with functional tests yielded a possible explanation for their symptoms in 47% of patients. In such patients symptomatology was of little help for predicting the diagnosis.
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PMID:What is behind dyspepsia? 842 Jul 48

Many physiological factors can alter gastric emptying, and the role of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different factors (age, sex, the degree of dyspeptic and irritable bowel symptoms, lactase deficiency, smoking habits, the use of antiinflammatory drugs, and H. pylori gastritis) on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia. The study population consisted of 83 patients with functional dyspepsia and 11 control subjects who underwent a standardized scintigraphic examination to study gastric emptying. This study detected no difference in gastric emptying between different subgroups with functional dyspepsia. There was, however, a slight tendency for delayed gastric emptying among patients with functional dyspepsia compared to controls. Intragastric distribution of the solid content was more distally located in smokers, and the solid lagtime was prolonged among antiinflammatory drug users. The gastric emptying of liquids was delayed among older patients. The subgrouping of dyspeptic symptoms is of minor importance with respect to gastric emptying. Habitual smoking and the use of antiinflammatory drugs are potent factors able to alter the gastric emptying of solids, but the role of H. pylori seems to be less important.
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PMID:Role of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia: a scintigraphic study of 94 subjects. 963

The pathophysiology of mucosal changes observed in infants with chronic protracted diarrhea is poorly understood. We report on two brothers suffering from a special form of sucrase isomaltase (SI) deficiency. The children presented with weight loss and dyspepsia after sucrose exposition. We performed an H respiration test, which showed a pathologic result in the younger brother. Analysis of the brush border enzyme activities showed low expression of lactase and SI. Immunoelectron microscopy of duodenal biopsies showed an isolated SI deficiency in a mosaic pattern [e.g., 42% (14%) crypt enterocytes and 64% (59%) villus enterocytes with decreased amounts of SI on microvilli], whereas lactase and aminopeptidase n (ApN) were present at the apical membrane of all cells in a normal range. The SI mosaic pattern of these patients shows that the enterocytes contain low amounts of SI on the apical membrane but express normal quantities of other disaccharidases. These findings suggest the existence of different clonal expressions or specific (posttranslational) mechanisms of postGolgi transportation for individual brush border enzymes. It remains unresolved whether the mosaic distribution is part of a normal maturation process or caused by a lack of an overall control mechanism in the expression of brush border hydrolases.
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PMID:Mosaic pattern of sucrase isomaltase deficiency in two brothers. 1804 9

Duodenal ulcer is a common disease and is considered acid-peptic disease. Duodenal ulcer patients are known to have higher incidence of antral gastritis and duodentitis than general population. Thus one can expect some alteration in the enzyme products of mucosal cells of antrum and duodenum in this condition. The present study was planned in 30 patients of duodenal ulcer and 30 of non-ulcer dyspepsia. After overnight fast, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done using forward viewing fibreoptic endoscope. Two pairs of biopsies were taken from the antrum and two from the descending duodenum using standard biopsy forceps. One pair of biopsy from each site was taken in 10% formal saline for histopathological examination. One pair of biopsies from each site was collected in saline for the measurement of disaccharidases by Dahlquist method. Activities of lactase, sucrase and maltase were significantly higher in descending duodenum mucosa as compared to antral mucosa in both groups. Activities of these enzymes in antrum and duodenum of both groups did not differ significantly. No significant difference was found in disaccharidases in antrum and descending duodenum in patients with or without histological gastritis. This study suggests that the disaccharidases do not change in antrum and duodenum of ulcer patients as compared to the patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:Antral and duodenal disaccharidases in patients of duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia. 2310 18

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of lactase, sucrase, maltase, leucine amino peptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in duodenum of Indian patients with duodenal ulcer. The effect of duodenum inflammation on these brush border enzymes has also been analysed in this study. Levels of lactase, sucrase, maltase, leucine amino peptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were assessed in duodenal biopsies of 20 patients of duodenal ulcer and 20 non-ulcer dyspepsia. The duodenal biopsy specimens were also examined histopathologically for presence or absence of inflammation. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the activity of above mentioned enzyme levels in both the groups. Only levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly decreased in patients of duodenal ulcer with duodenal inflammation. This study shows that only the levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly decreased in patients of duodenal ulcer with inflammation but no change in duodenal enzymes due to duodenal ulcer as compared to non-ulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:Study of enzyme activities in the descending part of the duodenum in patients of duodenal ulcer. 2310 92

Functional dyspepsia and lactose intolerance (adult-type hypolactasia, ATH) are common conditions that may coexist or even be confounded. Their clinical presentation can be similar, however, lactose intolerance does not form part of the diagnostic investigation of functional dyspepsia. Studies on the association between functional dyspepsia and ATH are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate whether ATH is associated with symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Patients fulfilling the Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia underwent genetic testing for ATH. Dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated and scored according to a validated questionnaire. The diagnostic criteria for ATH was a CC genotype for the -13910C/T polymorphism, located upstream of the lactase gene. The mean scores for dyspeptic symptoms were compared between patients with ATH and those with lactase persistence. A total of 197 functional dyspeptic patients were included in the study. Mean age was 47.7 years and 82.7% patients were women. Eighty-eight patients (44.7%) had a diagnosis of ATH. Abdominal bloating scores were higher in ATH patients compared to the lactase persistent patients (P=0.014). The remaining dyspeptic symptom scores were not significantly different between the two groups. The study results demonstrate an association between ATH and bloating in patients with functional dyspepsia.
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PMID:The association between adult-type hypolactasia and symptoms of functional dyspepsia. 2938 57