Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastro-intestinal disorders such as the non-ulcer dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome expatiate on/with inflammatory processes of the gastro-intestinal mucosa. Iberogast is used in treatment of such disorders. Iberis amara L. extract (IAE) is one of nine components of the drug. There is increasing evidence that mediators of inflammation processes in the stomach and intestine include reactive oxygen species (ROS), arising from several enzymic reactions characteristic for inflammatory events. In this study it was shown that Iberis amara extract (STW 6) has the potential for scavenging ROS, dependent on the individual test system. Biochemical model reactions relevant for the formation of ROS in vivo at inflammatory sites were used. Inhibition of the formation of ROS could be shown to be excellent in test systems known to preferentially produce reactive species (myeloperoxidase-generated HOCl, peroxynitrite) with high affinities to sulfur-containing compounds, e.g. mustard oil glycosides such as glucoiberin. Furthermore ROS, generated during xanthine oxidase (XOD)-catalysed oxidation of xanthine into uric acid, were also efficiently decreased by IAE. However, an inhibition of XOD could be excluded, but chelation of metal ions (Fe, Cu) decreasing their redox-cycling activities seems to play a role. A major activity of IAE proved to represent inhibition of lipid peroxidation processes, shown as delay of the lag phase of the Cu(II)-induced LDL oxidation as well as protection of alpha-linolenic acid from peroxidation by singlet oxygen.
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PMID:Antioxidative properties of Iberis amara extracts in biochemical model reactions. 1367 47

A combination of ethanolic extracts from nine medicinal plants is successfully used in STW 5 (Iberogast((R))) for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. To elucidate possible modes of action, the focus of this study is on antioxidant properties of the phytomedicine STW 5. In fact, functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and irritable bowel syndrome, are often initiated by or correlated to inflammatory processes, where oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role. Prominent in vivo sources of ROS generation are represented by the enzymes xanthine oxidase (XOD) or myeloperoxidase (MPO). Applying these enzymes in models in vitro, we show that STW 5 and its components possess strong antioxidant activities. Depending on the model investigated, even pro-oxidant activities of single components of STW 5 could be observed. Interestingly, these effects were absent in STW 5, indicating cooperation between the components. Moreover, if one of the component extracts of STW 5 is omitted, the antioxidant activity is reduced. Thus we conclude that all the single extracts combined in STW 5 are of importance for the therapeutic effect, working in concert. The component of STW 5 performing best in vitro differed with the model investigated, respectively, with ROS and ROS generators. In the XOD system, the extracts of lemon balm leaf and peppermint leaf showed the best antioxidant result, whereas concerning MPO driven chlorination reactions, bitter candy tuft extract was the most efficient antioxidant. Best protection against peroxynitrite induced oxidation of methionine like sulfur-compounds exhibited the STW 5 components lemon balm leaf, Matricaria flower and peppermint leaf.
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PMID:Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties of STW 5 (Iberogast) and its components. 1677 93

Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is traditionally used by the indigenous people of tropical and subtropical countries like Bangladesh, India, and China for relieving the common cold or a variety of chronic diseases, such as asthma, chronic coughing, piles, rheumatic pain, headaches, wounds, tuberculosis, indigestion, and dyspepsia. This study tested anxiolytic and antioxidant activities by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico experiments for the metabolites extracted (methanol) from the leaves and stems of P. sylvaticum (MEPSL and MEPSS). During the anxiolytic evaluation analyzed by elevated plus maze and hole board tests, MEPSL and MEPSS (200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight) exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction of anxiety-like behavior in mice. Similarly, mice treated with MEPSL and MEPSS demonstrated dose-dependent increases in locomotion and CNS simulative effects in open field test. In addition, both extracts (MEPSL and MEPSS) also showed moderate antioxidant activities in DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing power assays compared to the standard, ascorbic acid. In parallel, previously isolated bioactive compounds from this plant were documented and subjected to a molecular docking study to correlate them with the pharmacological outcomes. The selected four major phytocompounds displayed favorable binding affinities to potassium channel and xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme targets in molecular docking experiments. Overall, P. sylvaticum is bioactive, as is evident through experimental and computational analysis. Further experiments are necessary to evaluate purified novel compounds for the clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Comparative Study of Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Leaves and Stems for Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Properties Through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico Approaches. 3221 19