Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives were measured in eight healthy male subjects before and after ingestion of ethanol, in a dose of 17 mmol/kg body weight. 2. A significant decrease in hypoxic ventilatory drive was observed at 20 min after ethanol (P less than 0.05). A significant depression in hypercapnic drive was observed at 70 min after indigestion of ethanol (P less than 0.05). The mean peak blood ethanol (24mmol/1) occurred at 20 min, at which time the lowest mean hypoxic drive was recorded. 3. Ethanol in moderate doses produced a depression of both hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives in normal subjects. This suggests that ethanol may play a role in the precipitation of acute respiratory failure in certain patients in whom the ventilatory drive is already impaired, as in chronic airways obstruction.
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PMID:Effect of ethanol on the ventilatory responses to oxygen and carbon dioxide in man. 114 93

Alternations of stomach mucose caused by ethanol are in direct correlation with its concentration. ADH in stomach mucose is an efficient barrier against ethanol system toxicity. It stimulates higher secretion of HC1, dilutes protective barrier of mucose and phospholipids in membranes. Inflammatory reaction also participates in the damage of stomach mucose, with a share of products of arachidonic metabolism and free radicals. After ethanol administration the pancreas blood circulation diminishes and resistance in microcirculation increases. This can cause necroses in periphery of lobules. Activated phospholipase C may result in hypersecretion of Ca2+ dependent proteinkinases. Ischemic changes participate in alcohol impairment of pancreas and increase its vulnerability to enzyme attract and free radical reactions. Ethanol excesses may result in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, malnutrition and cause morphologic alternations of intestinal mucose (erosion, hemorrhagia). Absorption of nutrients and vitamins is affected by inhibition of active transport or by decrease of enzyme activity. Ethanol increases mucose permeability, alteres intestinal motility and damages absorption of water and electrolytes. In chronic alcoholics lower villi and changes in bacterial flora are described. The following mechanism of ethanol caused liver injury are observed: acetaldehyde toxicity, change in NAD+/NADH ratio connected with acidosis, cytoskeletal impairment, inhibition of protein synthesis and their secretion, relative perivenular hypoxia, activation of fibrogenesis, increased formation of free radicals with lipid peroxidation and immunological reaction. In hepatocyte there are morphological changes (megamitochondria, etc.) and functional changes (inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of Krebs cycle and beta oxidation of fatty acids). Ethanol intake activates leukocytes, trombocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells and their mediators, which result in increase of collagen and proteoglycans synthesis furthermore in fibrotic changes in liver.
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PMID:[Ethanol metabolism and pathobiochemistry of organ damage--1992. III. Mechanisms of damage to the gastrointestinal tract and the liver by ethanol]. 799 16

A neutral volatile substance in ruminal contents from sheep suffering from acute indigestion due to overfeeding has been identified as ethanol. Ethanol was consistently observed in ruminal material from both cattle and sheep after they had been fed large amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrate.
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PMID:ETHANOL ACCUMULATION IN THE RUMEN AFTER OVERFEEDING WITH READILY FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATE. 1410 63

The present study investigates the direct effects of Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) ethanol extract on dispersed intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMC) of guinea pigs. Effects of the plant extract on SMC and of acetylcholine (Ach) on extract pretreated SMC were measured by micrometric scanning technique. Three different extract concentrations (2.5 mg/mL, 250 mug/mL, and 25 mug/mL) were used. Ethanol extract of C. carvi reduced significantly the response of dispersed SMC to Ach. Pretreatment of SMC with the highest concentration of C. carvi ethanol extract (2.5 mg/mL) has significantly inhibited the response of SMC to Ach. The data obtained indicate a dose-dependent inhibition of the contraction induced by Ach. This response may explain, in part, the beneficial effect of caraway in relieving gastrointestinal symptoms associated with dyspepsia.
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PMID:Relaxant effect of ethanol extract of Carum carvi on dispersed intestinal smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig. 2064 59