Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an open, multicentre study, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy, safety and tolerance of azithromycin and roxithromycin were compared in a total of 204 adults with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) [acute bronchitis, acute infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AIECBs), or pneumonia]. Following treatment with 500 mg/day azithromycin administered orally once daily for 3 days, a satisfactory clinical response of cure or improvement was recorded in 91/99 (91.9%) evaluable patients at the post-therapy evaluation (day 10-14). Of the 94 evaluable patients treated with roxithromycin (150 mg given orally twice daily for 10 days), 82 (87.2%) were classified as cured or improved at post-therapy. The main pathogens isolated before treatment were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus species, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In the 46 azithromycin-treated patients evaluated both clinically and bacteriologically, 92.0% of pathogens were eradicated; H. influenzae persisted in one azithromycin-treated patient with acute bronchitis who was classed as clinically improved. In the roxithromycin group, 81.1% of the pathogens were eradicated in 35 patients; S. aureus persisted in one clinically cured patient with acute bronchitis, and H. influenzae persisted in one patient with AIECB and one with pneumonia, and Haemophilus species in one with AIECB, who were all classified as clinically improved. Azithromycin was well tolerated with a lower incidence of adverse events than that recorded in the roxithromycin treatment group. Treatment was not discontinued due to adverse events in any of the azithromycin-treated patients, whereas two roxithromycin-treated patients were withdrawn from treatment due to vomiting and/or dyspepsia.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy, safety and tolerability of azithromycin versus roxithromycin in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections. 881 52

Abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility have been reported in a substantial proportion of patients with functional dyspepsia, supporting the use of prokinetic drugs for treatment of dyspeptic symptoms. To evaluate efficacy and safety of levosulpiride in short-term treatment, 1298 patients were enrolled in a double-blind multicentric study carried out in 45 Italian Gastroenterology Departments. Patients were randomly assigned to either levosulpiride (25 mg tid), domperidone (10 mg tid), metoclopramide (10 mg tid) or placebo (1 tablet tid) for 4 weeks. Patients were selected on the basis of: a) occurrence in the last 4 weeks of at least 5/10 selected symptoms (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, postprandial bloating, abdominal fullness, early satiety, belching, heartburn, regurgitation), severity of which should reach/exceed a total score of 8, as assessed by a specific scale ranging from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe); b) normal results of routine biochemical, ultrasound and endoscopic examinations. In addition, each patient subjectively evaluated efficacy of treatment by a visual analogue scale. Significant improvement was recorded for all symptoms at days 10 and 28 in all groups (p < 0.001), but levosulpiride was significantly (p < 0.01) superior to domperidone, metoclopramide and placebo both in the overall clinical improvement scale as well as in a subgroup of symptoms (postprandial bloating, epigastric pain, heartburn). Active treatments and placebo were comparable as far as concerns occurrence of side-effects (12-20%) including galactorrhoea, breast tenderness and menstrual changes.
 ...
PMID:Levosulpiride in functional dyspepsia: a multicentric, double-blind, controlled trial. 889 46

Chronic pancreatitis is commonly included among the organic causes of dyspepsia, however the frequency and characteristics of this association are ill-defined. One-hundred-fifteen consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis and 85 healthy subjects were interviewed regarding their clinical history, with particular attention to dyspeptic symptoms. Attacks of prolonged upper abdominal pain, recurring at unpredictable intervals and in most cases without identifiable triggering factors, were the most frequent clinical manifestation (108, 94%). During the attacks, many patients (66, 61%) complained of vomiting, which was generally mild and of brief duration. Between the attacks, very few patients (12, 10%) complained of dyspeptic disturbances, mainly postprandial epigastric fullness and abdominal bloating. These complaints were episodic, usually after abundant meals, in 8, and persistent in the remaining 4. Among these 12 patients, there were no significant differences in the frequency of dyspeptic symptoms in relation to the severity of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The frequency of dyspeptic complaints among patients (10%) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the frequency of dyspeptic symptoms among the controls (25%). The results of this study indicate that, other than recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, dyspeptic symptoms are uncommon in chronic pancreatitis, and that impairment of digestion of pancreatic origin is not a cause of dyspepsia.
 ...
PMID:Is chronic pancreatitis a cause of dyspepsia? 891 18

Gastrointestinal prokinetics promote or increase the coordination of the gut wall contractions leading to enhancement of propulsive motility and, consequently, caudal displacement of luminal contents. Currently, they are considered drugs of choice for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract functional motor disorders such as those associated with gastrooesophageal reflux disease, chronic dyspepsia, gastroparesis (idiopathic or secondary to other diseases) and acute or chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The aim of the present review is to give an outline of the pharmacology of currently available prokinetics and of novel drugs endowed with gastrointestinal prokinetic action that require further pharmacological and/or clinical testing. The novel drugs include recent generations of benzamide and non-benzamide 5-HT4 receptor agonists, motilin receptor agonists, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, based on our improved knowledge of the role of 5-HT in emesis and gastrointestinal motility, the therapeutic potential of potent mixed 5-HT4 agonists--5-HT3 antagonists in the control of cytotoxic-drug-induced emesis and associated gut motor disturbances will be discussed. Lastly, a section of this review deals with the colon as a possible target for the action of prokinetics.
 ...
PMID:Recent advances in the pharmacology of gastrointestinal prokinetics. 893 12

Cisapride is a substituted benzamide with gastrointestinal prokinetic effects presumed to be due to the enhancement of the physiological release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus. In a multicentre study, 189 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) received single-blind placebo treatment for two weeks. A total of 123 patients with no or minimal response to placebo and epigastric pain of at least moderate severity and frequency were randomly assigned to one of the three parallel double-blind treatments for six weeks: cisapride 10 mg tid, cisapride 20 mg tid or placebo. The severity and frequency of individual symptoms (epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting anorexia, postprandial discomfort, regurgitation, lower abdominal pain, bloating and constipation) were assessed on a four- and five-point categorical scale, respectively, by the investigator at three on treatment visits and by patients in a daily diary. Analysis of investigator and patient assessments for differences in symptom severity x frequency composite scores among the three treatment groups showed no statistically significant differences for individual symptoms or symptom clusters. As assessed by the investigator, and compared with baseline, cisapride 20 mg tid significantly (P < 0.05) improved epigastric pain, bloating and early satiety as well as improved the total symptom cluster. Investigator evaluation of the five most severe and frequent symptoms for each patient showed statistically significant improvement in each treatment group. For patient diary assessments, statistically significant within-treatment improvement of the total symptom cluster, the five most severe symptoms cluster, bloating and early satiety was observed for both cisapride 20 mg and placebo, whereas epigastric pain significantly (P < 0.05) improved in all three treatment groups. Investigator evaluation of global response (good+excellent) rate at the end of the six week treatment period was 38% for cisapride 20 mg, 47% for cisapride 10 mg and 33% for placebo. No statistically significant difference in this parameter among treatments was noted. Cisapride was well tolerated at both doses with a side effect profile comparable with that of placebo. It is concluded that in this double-blind multicentre study with a single-blind two-week placebo run in phase, cisapride 10 mg tid and 20 mg tid were not effective compared with placebo in improving symptoms in NUD patients. This study re-emphasizes the good prognosis of patients with NUD, with 14% of patients improving in the two-week placebo run-in phase and a further 33% improving in the next six weeks while on placebo. Within-treatment analysis of investigator assessments showed improvement for cisapride 20 mg tid suggesting a trend of efficacy at this dose.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind randomized study of cisapride in the treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia. The Canadian Cisapride Nud Study Group. 911 11

Gallstones are common and occur asymptomatically or symptomatically with or without complications. Treatment is only required for symptomatic gallstones and complications in gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones and is performed with an increasing frequency. One may fear, that the indications for cholecystectomy have changed, and surgery is now undertaken for a lesser degree of morbidity. Cholecystectomy does not increase life expectancy, and 20-30% of patients cholecystectomized for symptomatic gallstones complain of abdominal pain of unknown origin after the operation. New valid parameters in order to predict which patients will benefit from cholecystectomy are therefore necessary. Symptoms specific to gallstones are not precisely known, and greatest success in treatment seems to be related to the occurrence of severe, often steady pain, of hours' duration, often located in the epigastrium or upper right quadrant, with or without radiation and/or vomiting. Dyspepsia alone is not an indication for cholecystectomy. Psychological vulnerability may predict a poor outcome after cholecystectomy and should lead to reconsideration of the indication for surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Uncomplicated gallstones: who should be operated on?]. 930 73

A survey of 72 patients at an AIDS clinic regarding self-medication with recreational drugs for medical or psychological conditions related to their illness disclosed that marijuana was the primary drug used. The perceived benefit was for gastrointestinal conditions such as nausea, vomiting, indigestion and appetite improvement. Use of other "recreational" drugs as self-medication was reported to usually be ineffective or to worsen the condition they sought to help. Fifty-eight percent of patients reported some attempt to self-medicate. Thirty-two percent were currently using marijuana, and most admitted to pre-AIDS marijuana use. Fifty-seven percent of the sample reported some pre-AIDS drug use, primarily alcohol and marijuana. Results are discussed in terms of potential clinical problems arising from continued recreational drug use among AIDS patients.
 ...
PMID:Medical use of recreational drugs by AIDS patients. 924 37

We have tried to correlate abnormalities in electrogastrography (EGG) and gastric emptying (GE) with symptom severity in patients with functional dyspepsia. Seventy-two patients with functional dyspepsia underwent EGG, GE, and symptom severity quantitation. EGGs were assessed for dominant frequency (DF), percentage of time of DF in the 2 to 4 cpm range, and postprandial-fasting DF power ratio. Solid-phase GE scintigraphy was assessed for 2-hour percentage retention. Symptoms of upper abdominal discomfort, early satiety, postprandial abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were graded as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3); the sum represented a total symptom score. The EGG was abnormal in 11 of 22 (50%) patients with delayed GE compared with 11 of 50 (22%) with normal GE (p < 0.025). The total symptom scores were higher in patients with both delayed GE and abnormal EGG compared with patients with normal GE and EGG, normal GE and abnormal EGG, and delayed GE and normal EGG. We conclude that EGG abnormalities are more common in dyspeptic patients with delayed GE. Patients with both delayed GE and abnormal EGG have more severe symptoms. Our results suggest that EGG and GE complement each other in correlating symptoms to gastric dysmotility.
 ...
PMID:Electrogastrography and gastric emptying scintigraphy are complementary for assessment of dyspepsia. 925 43

One hundred and seven adult outpatients with Leriche stage II peripheral occlusive arterial disease took part in this open, controlled trial. Patients were randomly treated over a six-month period either with sulodexide capsules containing 250 lipoproteinlipase releasing units (LRU, two capsules twice daily for 176 days on average: 56 patients), or with pentoxifylline 400 mg tablets (one tablet three times a day for 180 days on average: 51 patients). The incidences of diabetes, hyperlipoproteinaemias, smoking habit and other risk factors were the same in the two groups. The drugs' efficacies were evaluated by monitoring, at the start of treatment and every month during it, the Winsor Index and the walking distance, both prior to (initial claudication distance-IDC) and after (absolute claudication distance-ACD) the symptom's onset. Compliance with treatment and occurrence of adverse events were constantly monitored; systemic tolerability was evaluated through the use of routine haematological and haematochemical tests. Both treatments brought about a progressive increase in the claudication-free walking distance, statistically significant versus baseline from the second month (ACD, sulodexide group) and third month (ACD and ICD, pentoxifilline and sulodexide groups). At the end of treatment, the absolute increase of ACD was significantly greater in sulodexide-treated patients (p < 0.01) with respect to the pentoxifylline-treated group. In both groups the Doppler test evidenced a good improvement in local arterial haemodynamics. In the sulodexide group, 3.6% of patients developed nausea, dyspepsia and other minor gastrointestinal phenomena. In the pentoxifylline group 17.6% of patients complained of gastroenteric disorders (nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia), or of headache and dizziness. In one patient of this latter group insomnia was also present. Systemic tolerance of both drugs was consistently good.
 ...
PMID:Controlled clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of oral sulodexide in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease. 932 92

Two hundred and twenty endoscopically proved cases of duodenal ulcer were studied in a double blind manner by dividing them into control and study groups and following them up for one year. All patients were given ranitidine 150 mg bd for 3 months. Additionally, the study group patients were asked to take dry meals (they were allowed their normal diet but asked not to take water from 1 hour before meals to 1 hour after meals) for one year. The two groups of patients were compared. The recurrence rate at one year was lower in the study group. Nausea/vomiting at the time of recurrence was also significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.02). Relief in symptoms, especially nausea/vomiting and dyspepsia was also seen to be better in the study although the difference was not statistically significant. The fall in recurrence rate observed as a result of this simple regime is very encouraging.
 ...
PMID:Dry meals--physiological approach to management of duodenal ulcer. 938 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>