Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of pentoxifylline on intermittent claudication were evaluated at a dose of 1200 mg/day in an open-label twelve-week study on geriatric patients with chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD). Standardized treadmill testing and clinical signs and symptoms of COAD were followed up before and during drug administration. Twenty-four subjects with a mean age of 73.5 years, capable of walking between 20 and 200 meters on the treadmill, were entered into the trial; 22 participated for eight weeks and 19 completed the study in terms of treadmill walking distance measurements at 12 weeks. The mean walking distance for all patients was increased 111% over baseline at week 12. Thirteen subjects were considered drug responders (greater than or equal to 50% increase in treadmill walking distance) and 9 were considered nonresponders (less than 50% increase). Improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of COAD were noted. Decreases in elevated systemic systolic pressures (but not diastolic) were unexpectedly observed in many drug responders. Seven of 19 males reported sexual function improvements while receiving pentoxifylline. Fourteen (58%) of the 24 subjects reported mild side effects of dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, or insomnia; no subjects were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. In summary, pentoxifylline improved function and symptoms in 13 of 22 geriatric patients with intermittent claudication; the drug was safe and well tolerated at the usual dosage in this geriatric patient population.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline in geriatric patients with intermittent claudication. 266 64

We assessed the prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in various forms of endoscopic gastritis, including ulcer and nonulcer dyspepsia and bile gastritis and correlated it with histological evidence of inflammation. Multiple biopsy specimens were taken from 120 patients, including four normal controls, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of upper abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, bilious vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. The patients included 58 men and 62 women, with a mean age of 53 years. Of these, 16 patients had gastric ulcers, 19 had duodenal ulcers, 26 had reflux gastritis (after either gastric surgery or cholecystectomy), one had a gastric polyp, one had Barrett's esophagus, and the remaining 53 had gastritis due to unspecified causes. Campylobacter-like organisms were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in 50 of 69 patients of the nonbile gastritis group (72%) and in seven of 15 patients of the bile gastritis group (47%) (p0.05). The presence of bacteria in both groups correlated with histologically significant inflammation (particularly chronic active gastritis); similar histologic changes were noted in both major groups of nonbile gastritis and bile gastritis. Campylobacter pylori is common in all forms of gastritis in association with histologic inflammation.
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PMID:The prevalence of Campylobacter pylori gastritis: a study of symptomatic nonulcer dyspepsia and bile gastritis. 278 19

Non-specific abdominal complaints are a very frequent cause of discomfort. Even if only comparatively few are brought to the attention of the physician, they account for a considerable portion of the reasons for seeking medical care, both in acute and chronic conditions. On the other hand, few drugs are free of the suspicion of causing abdominal complaints, which make up between one-tenth and one-third of reported adverse reactions. A wide variety of possible alternative or concomitant causes makes a clear causative attribution to suspected drugs very difficult. This holds especially true for the ill-defined conditions of indigestion and anorexia. For nausea and vomiting, specific scales have been developed which facilitate differentiation between drugs causing these effects most frequently and most intensively. They have been applied in cytostatic therapy, where this is one of the most frequently encountered problems, but nausea and vomiting can seriously affect compliance in many other treatments. Somatic abdominal pain results in most instances from the irritation of the parietal peritoneum and is usually the effect of a lesion. This may or may not be caused by a drug, but this cause should be the first consideration. Visceral pain may result from functional disturbance of secretory glands or of the muscular coat, from drug action on bowel content or from irritation of the mucosa, all of which are frequently interrelated. Most frequently suspected pharmacological causes are drugs with anticholinergic action, antibiotics, potassium supplements and non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents. Drug-induced hyperinsulinism and porphyria are rare cases. Abuse of laxatives should always be considered because of its prevalence. A great number of other untoward drug effects have been described in the literature, but rarely merit first consideration. With the exception of promptly occurring or persistent emesis, gastrointestinal symptoms usually are not pathognomonic for drug effects and are the result of several factors. The usual approach to identifying an adverse drug effect is to delineate the functional or structural disorder, and to associate this diagnosis with possible pharmacodynamic aetiologies.
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PMID:Abdominal pain, indigestion, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. 304 63

The effects of domperidone, a peripherally acting dopamine antagonist, were compared with those of placebo in a double-blind randomized study in 16 patients with idiopathic gastric stasis, chronic symptoms of "nonulcer dyspepsia" (including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain), and altered gastroduodenal motility. Patients received either domperidone or placebo orally (20 mg before meals and at bedtime) for six weeks. Symptoms were assessed by daily diaries kept by the patients for two weeks while receiving no medication for their gastrointestinal complaints (baseline), and throughout the six-week treatment phase. Studies of gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid-phase meal were performed at baseline and six weeks after treatment. All patients had delayed gastric emptying at baseline, defined as a half-emptying time of more than mean + 1 SD (from studies of normal controls). An 18- to 24-hr recording of gastroduodenal motor function during fasting was also performed at baseline and after six weeks of either domperidone or placebo treatment. After six weeks of treatment, the symptom scores significantly improved in the domperidone group (P less than 0.05), but not in the placebo group. Gastroduodenal motor activity was unchanged from baseline recordings after six weeks. Solid-phase gastric emptying also showed no improvement in either the domperidone or placebo group of patients. Although domperidone therapy had no significant effect on motility, it appears to be an effective drug for the treatment of the symptoms of nonulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:Effects of domperidone in patients with chronic unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 305 42

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma (11 untreated, 15 refractory and seven relapsed patients) have received vincristine and adriamycin infusion therapy with oral dexamethasone (VAD). The median number of course received was five. In addition 16 patients with lymphoid malignancy have received a median of four courses of VAD. Three patients who relapsed after VAD have received further VAD therapy making 52 patient treatments assessable for toxicity. Ten per cent had nausea, 4 per cent vomiting, 4 per cent total alopecia, 25 per cent constipation, 33 per cent paraesthesiae, 8 per cent proximal myopathy, 33 per cent dyspepsia, 23 per cent proven bacteraemia, and 19 per cent chest infections. Infections were not usually associated with neutropenia. Shingles was seen in four patients with myeloma, but none of the patients with lymphoid malignancy. The response rate in myeloma was 9/11, for previously untreated patients, 3/7 for relapsed, and 8/15 for refractory patients. Responses have been seen in other lymphoid malignancies-1/2 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a complete remission. Two out of seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia achieved a partial remission, and a further three had a clinical improvement. Three out of six patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient with macroglobulinaemia achieved a partial remission.
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PMID:VAD chemotherapy--toxicity and efficacy--in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies. 311 84

Fifty-seven patients with advanced malignant tumours were treated with ifosfamide (Holoxan) and mesna (Uromitexan) in our department from November 1979 to December 1984. This series comprised eight cases of soft tissue sarcoma, nine cases of ovarian carcinoma, five cases of non-seminomatous testicular tumour, 11 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, three cases of renal carcinoma, seven cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two cases of skeletal fibrosarcoma, two cases of breast carcinoma, one case each of Ewing's tumour, prostatic carcinoma, seminoma, plasma cell tumour, multiple myeloma, malignant teratoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Wilms's tumour, neuroblastoma and mycosis fungoides. Out of these 57 cases, 53 were evaluable. There were five complete remissions and 20 partial remissions, corresponding to a total response rate of 47%. The overall median survival time (MST) of the 53 evaluable patients was 7.5 months. The responders had a longer survival time (MST 10 months) than the non-responders (MST 4.75 months) (p greater than 0.05). Analysis of the results according to sex, age, dosage of ifosfamide and degree of histological differentiation of the tumour cells failed to show any influence of these factors on the therapeutic results. The response rate to ifosfamide found in this study might be related to the histological origin of the tumours and to whether the primary tumours had been resected. The non-seminomatous testicular tumours, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and ovarian carcinomas showed a high response rate. The response rate was higher in the group in which the primary tumour had been resected (61%) than in the non-resected group (12%) (except the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). The side-effects of this regimen were moderate. Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, myelodepression, dizziness, and alopecia were common. Cystitis could be prevented nearly completely by concomitant administration of mesna, when given correctly, for preventing side-effects of ifosfamide on the urinary system (haemorrhagic cystitis, etc.).
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignancies with ifosfamide under protection with mesna. 313 Mar 16

In 9 out of 11 subjects with upper digestive dyspepsia: pyrosis, nausea, emesis, bloating, with negative roentgenological findings, a radioisotopic test detected a delayed gastric emptying. The investigation was based on a 500 ml saline meal including lmCi (3.7 MBq) 113m In-DTPA. For the sequential detection of the radioactivity in front of the epigastric area a gammacamera was used. This was linked to a microcomputer processing the histograms of the curves and estimating the half-time of the gastric emptying (normal value 8-25 min). The results suggest the need for prokinetic drugs in the management of symptoms due to functional pathology.
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PMID:Delayed gastric emptying in rx-negative dyspepsia. 313 74

Previous studies have suggested that Giardia lamblia may cause nonulcer dyspepsia as the sole manifestation of infection. To explore this premise, duodenal aspirates from patients undergoing upper endoscopy were examined for Giardia and results were correlated with endoscopic findings and symptoms. Of 155 patients, 15.5% had Giardia. Patients with dyspepsia, with or without obvious lesions at endoscopy, had a similar prevalence. Patients with vomiting and diarrhea had an increased prevalence (38.5%) (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of Giardia lamblia in this patient population is surprisingly high. This study suggests that Giardia lamblia infection is not a major cause of nonulcer dyspepsia.
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PMID:Giardia lamblia in patients undergoing endoscopy: lack of evidence for a role in nonulcer dyspepsia. 341 Feb 37

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of patients with chronic unexplained dyspepsia and compare the symptoms with peptic ulcer and biliary pain, and determine the prevalence of symptoms that may indicate psychoneurotic traits and measure chronic illness behaviour (days lost from work and doctor visits). Studied were: 113 patients with essential dyspepsia, defined as endoscopically confirmed non-ulcer dyspepsia where gallstones, the irritable bowel syndrome and gastro-esophageal reflux have been excluded and there is no ascertainable cause for the dyspepsia; 55 patients with dyspepsia and peptic ulceration at endoscopy; and 53 patients with diagnosed biliary pain and cholelithiasis, proven at cholecystectomy. All patients completed a detailed structured history questionnaire in the presence of one investigator. More patients with peptic ulcer than with essential dyspepsia experienced night pain, pain relieved by food, and vomiting, while more patients with essential dyspepsia than with cholelithiasis experienced epigastric pain, lack of radiation of pain, continuous pain, mild to moderate pain, pain before meals, pain relieved by food and antacids, pain aggravated by food and alcohol, and an absence of vomiting (all p less than 0.01). Symptoms suggesting psychoneurosis, aerophagy symptoms, and chronic illness behaviour were similar in all groups. We conclude that certain symptoms may be of value in diagnosing the underlying cause of dyspepsia.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinical features and illness behaviour of patients presenting with dyspepsia of unknown cause (essential dyspepsia) and organic disease. 346 12

In a double blind crossover comparison with placebo, the effects of cisapride (10 mg tid for two weeks), a non-antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, on gastric emptying times and on symptoms were evaluated in 12 patients with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Gastric emptying was studied by a radioisotopic gamma camera technique. The test meal was labelled in the solid component (99mTc-sulphur colloid infiltrated chicken liver). Nine symptoms (nausea, belching, regurgitations, vomiting, postprandial drowsiness, early satiety, epigastric pain or burning, heartburn) were graded weekly on a questionnaire. Cisapride was significantly more effective than placebo in shortening the t1/2 of gastric emptying (p2 = 0.04), but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments with regard to the improvement of total symptom score (p2 = 0.09). No side effects were reported during the study.
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PMID:Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. 355 6


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