Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In general, peptic ulcer disease during pregnancy is relatively rare. Certainly, gastroesophageal reflux symptomatology and hyperemesis gravidarum are the primary pregnancy-associated upper gastrointestinal tract illnesses. The symptoms of dyspepsia accompanies all three diagnoses and makes it difficult to determine whether peptic ulcer is playing a role in the patient's symptomatology. Patients with a previous history of complicated peptic ulcer diatheses should be suspected of having recurrent ulcer disease and treated accordingly. Endoscopy is not to be feared if needed to confirm a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease or to aid in the diagnosis of the patient with upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. There is thought to be some improvement in peptic ulcer disease with pregnancy, which may be secondary to lower gastric acid output and increased protective mucus production associated with elevated progesterone levels. This may afford some level of protection against this disease process in pregnant women. Patients who are smokers and have a previous history of peptic ulcer disease are at highest risk for ulcer disease during pregnancy. Multiple agents have been found to be relatively safe and effective for ulcer healing, with H2 antagonists the mainstay of therapy during pregnancy.
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PMID:Peptic ulcer disease in pregnancy. 147 37

Several serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes have been defined by pharmacological responses to selective agonists and antagonists and by pathways of receptor-effector coupling. Using molecular techniques, additional receptor subtypes have been described. 5-HT receptors are prevalent in the central nervous system and gut and participate in induction of emesis. 5-HT3 antagonists are used to prevent emesis from cancer chemotherapy and also demonstrate efficacy in radiation-induced nausea, postoperative nausea, hyperemesis gravidarum, and nausea and vomiting with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 5-HT4 agonists exhibit prokinetic properties in nauseated patients with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Conversely, 5-HT4 antagonists have antiemetic activity in some experimental models. The 5-HT1D receptor agonist sumatriptan reduces emesis with migraine headaches and in cyclic vomiting syndrome, most likely via action on central nervous system sites. In other models, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/5-HT2C agonists exhibit antiemetic properties. The utility of 5-HT receptor ligands in treating emesis is the subject of active investigation.
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PMID:Serotonin receptor physiology: relation to emesis. 1049 49

Gastrointestinal diseases in pregnancy can be divided into diseases specific to pregnancy, for example, hyperemesis gravidarum, obstetric cholestasis, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and diseases incidental to pregnancy, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease and viral hepatitis. Disorders in the second category may present for the first time in pregnancy. This chapter considers the drug management of each of these conditions, with the exception of HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver. The preferred drug treatment and the known complications associated with their use in pregnancy are also described. Where possible, studies relating to the safety of different therapeutic options are discussed.
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PMID:Drugs in pregnancy. Gastrointestinal disease. 1180 May 34

The 13C-octanoic acid breath test is considered a useful tool to measure gastric emptying both in physiological and pathological conditions. Many studies have concerned functional dyspepsia. Recently, breath test has been used in predicting a delayed gastric emptying in subsets of dyspeptic symptoms. In detail only postprandial fullness and vomiting are resulted significantly correlated with delayed solid emptying. Besides in the patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome associated, intestinal disturbances did not seem to contribute to delay gastric emptying. In diabetic patients octanoate test has confirmed the percentages of delayed emptying obtained by means of scintigraphy. In other organic states (celiac disease, cirrhosis, renal failure, neurological disease, etc) most of reports have proved a delayed emptying of solids. In GERD and ulcer disease gastric function is resulted normal, being accelerated in distal gastrectomy and in hyperemesis gravidarum. From pathophysiological point of view Helicobacter pylori, extrinsic autonomic neuropathy (apart from diabetes) and autoimmunity do not seem to relate with gastric emptying, both in functional and organic disease.
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PMID:13C-octanoic acid breath test in functional and organic disease: critical review of literature. 1645 24