Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical efficacy and the safety of chronic oral administration of cisapride, a new gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, (10 mg tid) and clebopride (0.5 mg tid) was assayed in 48 outpatients affected with functional dyspepsia, in a randomized double-blind study. Each of the drugs induced a significant reduction in dyspeptic symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks (p less than 0.001). Two patients, given clebopride, dropped out of the study because of severe side effects during the first week of treatment. Mild adverse reactions were reported in 6 out of 23 cisapride-treated patients and in 10 out of 20 clebopride-treated patients who completed the study. The most common side effect of cisapride was diarrhoea and that of clebopride was drowsiness. Cisapride appears to be as effective as clebopride in reducing dyspeptic symptoms and seems to induce less severe side effects.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy and safety of cisapride and clebopride in the management of chronic functional dyspepsia: a double-blind, randomized study. 174 35

Following a 1-week, single-blind placebo washout, 150 patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with daily doses of either mianserin, 30 mg to 150 mg; amitriptyline, 60 mg to 300 mg; or placebo, 1 to 5 capsules taken at bedtime (qhs). Mianserin and amitriptyline were found to be comparable in efficacy, and both significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of major depressive illness. Rating instruments, all of which showed significant improvement in the active drug groups over the placebo, included the 17- and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) index, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity of Illness and Improvement rating scales. Furthermore, for most efficacy parameters in the efficacy-evaluable group, the earliest statistically significant difference vs. placebo could be observed at Visit 1 for the mianserin patients and at Visit 3 for the amitriptyline patients. The safety profile for mianserin was comparable with placebo with respect to laboratory values, electrocardiogram changes, vital signs, ophthalmologic evaluations, and most adverse clinical experiences. Complaints of somnolence and weight gain were comparable in the amitriptyline and mianserin groups. Mianserin was superior to amitriptyline in terms of vital signs; anticholinergic effects; and complaints of dizziness, dyspepsia, and tremor.
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PMID:A controlled study of mianserin in moderately to severely depressed outpatients. 192 59

This study compared the efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine and morphine sulfate in alleviating moderate or severe pain immediately after major surgery. One hundred twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive single intravenous injections of ketorolac 10 mg, ketorolac 30 mg, morphine 2 mg, or morphine 4 mg; patients could receive a second dose 15 minutes thereafter, upon request, and most received both available doses. Analgesic efficacy was measured by interviewing patients and assessing pain intensity and pain relief for 6 hours after the first medication administration. The two drugs showed a similar onset of action, peaking 1 hour after administration. When placed in order of descending efficacy, the mean scores for most efficacy measures fell into the following sequence: ketorolac 30 mg, ketorolac 10 mg, morphine 4 mg, and morphine 2 mg. There were no statistically significant differences among the two ketorolac doses and the high dose of morphine, but all three of these treatments were significantly superior to the low morphine dose. One patient who took morphine 4 mg withdrew because of drowsiness; other common adverse events reported included nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and dyspepsia. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of adverse events among the treatment groups. Intravenous ketorolac is effective for the treatment of postoperative pain.
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PMID:Comparison of intravenous ketorolac tromethamine and morphine sulfate in the treatment of postoperative pain. 208 7

Patients (n = 150) were randomized to a 6-week, double-blind study to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of mirtazapine, amitriptyline, and placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder symptoms. Average daily modal doses were mirtazapine, 18 mg; amitriptyline, 111 mg; and placebo, 4.6 capsules. Mirtazapine- and amitriptyline-treated patients had statistically significantly greater mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score reductions (weekly visits 1, 2, 4, and endpoint) compared to placebo. These findings were supported by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS); and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales. Somnolence and weight gain were the only adverse clinical experiences (ACEs) reported substantially more often by mirtazapine-treated patients than by those in the placebo group. However, more amitriptyline-treated patients reported decreased visual accommodation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, constipation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, discoordination, dizziness, and tremor than mirtazapine- or placebo-treated patients. Results of this study indicate that mirtazapine is more effective than placebo in the treatment of these patients, and superior to amitriptyline in respect to anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects.
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PMID:Mirtazapine vs. amitriptyline vs. placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 223 55

Levo-sulpiride is a substituted benzamide with antiemetic activity 3-8 times more potent than the racemic form and the d-isomer. Its mode of action is partially central (inhibition of dopaminergic receptors at the trigger zone for vomiting) and partially peripheral (normalization of motor activity of stomach and gall-bladder). The drug was found effective in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced and post-operative vomiting as well as in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during hepatic, biliary and gastroduodenal disorders, organic and functional dyspepsia, motion sickness and vertigo. Levo-sulpiride is at least as effective as domperidone, antihistamines and neuroleptic agents. Compared with the latter drugs and with d-sulpiride and the racemus, l-sulpiride is much better tolerated. Drowsiness is reported only at high doses, and no clinical signs of hyperprolactinaemia are observed, even after prolonged treatment.
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PMID:[Antiemetic properties of levo-sulpiride]. 228 Aug 76

Abdominal discomfort after eating cowpeas is known to be a major constraint on their greater consumption. Problems associated with cowpea consumption were identified by questionnaire in 448 randomly selected families. Some (28%) of the respondents had never experienced flatulence. Those who did said it occurred when cowpeas were eaten at all (16.7%), as dinner (42%) or without other foods (15%). A subsample of 40 people who complained of serious abdominal discomfort were fed cowpeas cooked by eight different methods at three consecutive dinners for each method. The problems reported were indigestion, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased belching, bad breath, offensive stool, flatulence, constipation, mild abdominal discomfort and sleepiness. Many respondents complained of mild abdominal discomfort with undehulled cowpeas (72.5%) and dehulled cowpeas (42.5%) that had been cooked at atmospheric pressure. Only 12.5% of the respondents complained of discomfort with dehulled cowpeas cooked under extra pressure. Thus, dehulling resulted in substantial reduction in the frequency and incidence of reported discomforts but pressure cooking also had beneficial effects, probably because of the higher cooking temperature attained.
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PMID:Flatulence and other discomforts associated with consumption of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). 259 40

The efficacy and safety of propranolol in the treatment of anxiety was compared with those of chlordiazepoxide and placebo in a 3-week, double-blind study of 212 patients. After a 1-week, single-blind placebo-washout period, patients were randomized to receive either propranolol (80, 160, or 320 mg/day), chlordiazepoxide (30, 45, or 75 mg/day), or placebo. Patients were evaluated by three physician-rated scales--Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Covi Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Clinical Global Impressions scale--and two patient-rated scales--Symptoms Checklist 90 and Profile of Mood States. Patients in all groups demonstrated significant improvement in their level of anxiety at all time points compared with their baseline level. At Week 1 propranolol and chlordiazepoxide patients were significantly better than placebo patients, as measured by the HAM-A and CAS. At Week 2 only propranolol was superior to placebo, based on HAM-A and CAS scores. Fifteen patients prematurely terminated because of adverse reactions (4 taking propranolol, 4 taking placebo, and 7 taking chlordiazepoxide). The incidence of side effects was similar for the two active drugs; fatigue, drowsiness, and change in libido were significantly more frequent with chlordiazepoxide and drowsiness and indigestion were more frequent with propranolol compared with placebo.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy of propranolol, chlordiazepoxide, and placebo in the treatment of anxiety: a double-blind trial. 330 88

In a double blind crossover comparison with placebo, the effects of cisapride (10 mg tid for two weeks), a non-antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, on gastric emptying times and on symptoms were evaluated in 12 patients with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Gastric emptying was studied by a radioisotopic gamma camera technique. The test meal was labelled in the solid component (99mTc-sulphur colloid infiltrated chicken liver). Nine symptoms (nausea, belching, regurgitations, vomiting, postprandial drowsiness, early satiety, epigastric pain or burning, heartburn) were graded weekly on a questionnaire. Cisapride was significantly more effective than placebo in shortening the t1/2 of gastric emptying (p2 = 0.04), but no significant difference was observed between the two treatments with regard to the improvement of total symptom score (p2 = 0.09). No side effects were reported during the study.
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PMID:Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. 355 6

High-dose thymidine (dThd) was given to 12 patients with advanced hematological and solid tumors. The dose schedule used was 75 g/sq m/day, given i.v. continuously for 5 days or more. Myelosuppression, especially leukopenia, was the dose-limiting toxicity. Nonhematological toxicities affected the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and indigestion) and the central nervous system (somnolence, headache, visual illusions, and memory impairment). Patients who had received cumulative doses of dThd developed alopecia. Thymine crystals were noted in the urine after refrigeration. Tumor regression (less than partial remission) occurred in one patient with melanoma. Three of four patients with acute leukemia had a fall in peripheral white blood cell counts and blasts but no marrow improvement. Four patients with adenocarcinoma (three colon, one unknown primary) had stable disease. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that, at a dThd dose of 75 g/sq m/day, millimolar concentrations of dThd and thymine can be achieved in the plasma. The half-life of dThd was approximately 100 min. One-third of the plasma concentrations was measurable in the cerebrospinal fluid. dThd was mainly excreted by the kidneys.
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PMID:Clinical phase I-II and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose thymidine given by continuous intravenous infusion. 747 Oct 98

Yohimbine was used in four men and four women ranging in age from 21 to 64 years with nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test-verified narcolepsy. All achieved a stimulant response in doses ranging from 2.7 to 16.2 mg/day. The effective dose was defined as the amount of medication required to maintain subjective wakefulness for 8 consecutive working hours. The average effective dose was approximately 8 mg/day. While one subject became immediately tolerant, others maintained a response for several weeks. The first subject continued to have good control of sleepiness for 17 months. Mild and transient side effects were insomnia, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flushing, and tremor. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor abnormalities are suspected in narcolepsy, which could explain the improvement in sleepiness for these patients.
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PMID:Effectiveness of yohimbine in treating narcolepsy. 797 85


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