Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0013395 (dyspepsia)
 4,879 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-one normal, healthy volunteers participated in a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group study: 1) to compare the prostaglandin E1 analog, misoprostol, given at a dose of 200 micrograms bid, with the recommended dose of 200 micrograms qid in protecting the gastroduodenal mucosa against injury due to anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin (3900 mg/day); and 2) to determine whether the reduced dose was associated with a lesser incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, particularly diarrhea. All subjects received 975 mg of aspirin qid with meals and at bedtime. They were concurrently administered either misoprostol 200 micrograms qid, misoprostol 200 micrograms bid and placebo bid, or placebo qid. All subjects were endoscopically normal at the onset of the study and were re-endoscoped on the morning of the 7th day of therapy, 2 h after the morning dose of medications. Gastric and duodenal mucosa were assessed separately on a 0-7 scale which gave a greater weight to erosions than to hemorrhages. GI symptoms, especially bowel habits, were assessed by means of diary cards. Subjects in both misoprostol groups had significantly less gastric and duodenal mucosal injury than subjects who received placebo (p less than 0.007 for each pairwise comparison). There was no statistically significant difference between the two misoprostol groups (p less than 0.093). Subjects in the misoprostol 200 micrograms qid group had significantly more loose and watery bowel movements than the subjects in the misoprostol 200 micrograms bid group (p less than 0.013), whereas there were no significant differences in bowel habits between the misoprostol 200 micrograms bid and placebo groups (p less than 0.122). More subjects in the misoprostol 200 micrograms qid group reported abdominal pain, loose stools, watery stools, flatulence, dyspepsia, and nausea than in the misoprostol 200 micrograms bid and placebo groups. In conclusion, the adverse events in the misoprostol 200 micrograms bid group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group, and were significantly better than in the misoprostol 200 micrograms qid group. The lower dose retained mucosal protective activity that was statistically indistinguishable from that of misoprostol 200 micrograms qid.
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PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-day evaluation of two doses of misoprostol in gastroduodenal mucosal protection against damage from aspirin and effect on bowel habits. 196 19

Under analysis are results of vagotomy performed in 95 patients with uncomplicated ulcer of the duodenum after ineffective conservative treatment 10 years after operation. During this time recurrent ulcer developed in 26 patients (27.4%). The disease reappeared more frequently in patients with high level of night gastric secretion before surgery. Results of the operation in 25 patients (26.3%) could be estimated only as satisfactory because of various disorders (dumping-syndrome, diarrhea, gastric dyspepsia). But a usual basis for such an assessment was not a medial degree of some disorders (2 patients) but a combination of light degree disorders (23 patients). One patient was included into the IVth Wisik's group due to severe dyspepsia. Only 43 patients (45.3%) were included in the I and II groups by the Wisik's scheme. Results of vagotomy in patients who had no ulcer complications before operation were compared with the efficiency of vagotomy used totally for all indications and were found to be much worse. The authors make a conclusion that it is not expedient to widen indications to vagotomy at the expense of patients with uncomplicated ulcers.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the effectiveness of vagotomy in uncomplicated duodenal ulcer based on its results 10 years after the operation]. 196 36

Controlled studies showed that cisapride is effective in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Its prokinetic properties are not complicated by dopamine inhibition. In our study the dose of 5 mg t.i.d. was adequate for the treatment of patients with gastric symptoms, while for patients with reflux symptoms the preferred dose is 10 mg t.i.d. cisapride. The average improvement after 1 month of treatment was 68%. Additional medication with antacids was not of benefit. Side effects such as abdominal cramps or diarrhea were minimal (less than 4%). 1071 patients were selected according to the principles described by Talley et al. in 1987. This method was well accepted by investigators and patients and is recommended for similar studies.
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PMID:[Cisapride: clinical experience in 1071 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia or reflux symptoms]. 206 65

Couvade is the common but poorly understood phenomenon whereby the expectant father experiences somatic symptoms during the pregnancy for which there is no recognized physiological basis. Symptoms commonly include indigestion, increased or decreased appetite, weight gain, diarrhea or constipation, headache, and toothache. Onset is usually during the third gestational month with a secondary rise in the late third trimester. Symptoms generally resolve with childbirth. Couvade has been seen as an expression of somatized anxiety, pseudo-sibling rivalry, identification with the fetus, ambivalence about fatherhood, a statement of paternity, or parturition envy. It is likely that the dynamics of couvade may vary between individuals and may be multidetermined.
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PMID:Couvade syndrome: male counterpart to pregnancy. 206 58

Safety data have been gathered in US clinical trials of nabumetone on 1912 patients from August 1981 to May 1988. Dosing in the double-blind trials was 100 mg at bedtime, but in open-label trials patients could increase the dosage of nabumetone to 1500 or 2000 mg if required. Adverse experiences reported in the double-blind and open-label studies that were considered related to nabumetone treatment, or of unknown origin, occurred most commonly in two body systems: the body as a whole, and the digestive system. Incidence rates greater than 10% for adverse experiences categorised by preferred term occurred in the 'body as a whole' category for abdominal pain, and in the digestive system for diarrhoea and dyspepsia. Dosage increases to 2000 mg appeared to cause a dose-related increase in diarrhoea. In the long term studies, gastrointestinal ulcers have been confirmed in 13 (0.7%) patients. Hepatic and renal function was well preserved in patients treated with nabumetone. Overall, only 7 nabumetone-treated patients (0.4%) showed a marked elevation in both ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT). Two nabumetone-treated patients showed marked elevations in renal parameters, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Overall, nabumetone was well tolerated, and the adverse experience profile was clinically acceptable and presented no unusual or unexpected patterns.
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PMID:An overview of the long-term safety experience of nabumetone. 208 90

The total gastrectomy, as known can expose to some sequences which form on a pathophysiologic and clinic plain syndrome of "AGASTRIC". The most paradigmatic of these disturbances are the weight loss, the pain, the dyspepsia, the anorexia, can be erroneously interpreted as a recurrence of the neoplasm illness. On the base of these disturbances, there are some pathophysiological alterations associated to the resection. The postprandial distension syndrome, the dumping, the diarrhea, the anemia, can be relieved by an appropriated hygienic-diet therapy. The reflux of biliopancreatic secretion into the esophagus, the disturbances related to the duodenal exclusion, the accelerated transit can be loosed or reduced by a correct technic, while the cloridopeptic deficiency is obviously unresolvable. From 1981 till 1988, 43 patients were submitted to a total gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma (29 M, 14 F), having a middle age of 62 years: 30 with a radical intent (Ro), and 13 palliative. Besides 10 of the Ro group were submitted to a enlarged intervention. The digestive continuity was renewed through an interposition of isoperistaltic jejunal loop according Mouchet-Camey in 23 cases, by use of a dysfunctional loop according Roux en-Y in 5, and by esophagus-jejunal T-L anastomosis such omega, according Horloff in 2 cases. There were registered one decrease for A.R.D.S. All the patients were been followed according the follow-up protocol, for monitoring neoplasm evolution of the illness and the eventual metabolic-functional disturbances. In the periodic postoperative control all the patients with Mouchet-Camey reconstruction had no evidenced dumping syndrome, neither cases of malabsorption of the essential nutritive principles, with constant recover of the weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Digestive continuity, after total gastrectomy for cancer, via the interposition of a jejunal loop]. 208 78

One hundred and thirty-seven consecutive outpatients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 400-micrograms misoprostol tablets twice daily or placebo for 4 weeks. Misoprostol had a significant worsening effect on epigastric pain, nausea, meteorism, lower abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, as compared with placebo. The fact that symptoms in patients with NUD and EPC were exacerbated by an antisecretory dose of misoprostol indicates that the symptoms are largely unrelated to gastric acid.
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PMID:Misoprostol treatment exacerbates abdominal discomfort in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. 212 24

Cassia alata Linn. is a medical plant. Its leaves have been claimed to be effective as a laxative. The studies done so far have shown no toxicity as a result of consuming Cassia alata Linn. leaves. The plant has been found to contain anthraquinones, presumed to be the active ingredient causing the laxative effect. The objective of the study was to test efficacy of Cassia alata Linn. leaves for treatment of constipation compared with a placebo and mist. alba in a multicenter randomized controlled trial carried out in one provincial and 5 community hospitals. Eighty adult patients admitted to 5 community hospitals and one provincial hospital with at least 72 hours of constipation were included in the study. Twenty-eight patients were in the placebo group, 28 in the mist. alba group, and 24 in Cassia alata Linn. group. Each patient was given 120 ml of fluid with caramel color, mist. alba, or Cassia alata Linn. infusion at bed time. Evaluation was performed after 24 hours whether the patient defecated or not. The characteristics of the patients among the three groups were not different. Eighteen per cent of patients in the placebo group passed stools within 24 hours, whereas, 86 and 83 per cent of patients in mist. alba and Cassia alata Linn. groups respectively, passed stools. The differences observed between placebo and mist. alba, placebo and Cassia alata Linn. were statistically highly significant, P less than 0.001 and clinically important. Minimal self-limited side effects, i.e., nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain and diarrhea were noted in 16-25 per cent of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Randomized controlled trial of Cassia alata Linn. for constipation. 220 70

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops over a slowly progressive continuum. Early manifestations may be generalized weakness or fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, or depression. Pernicious anemia is considered the classic cause, but others include malabsorption because of achlorhydria or other gastric dysfunction, fish tapeworm infection, and strict vegetarianism. Iron deficiency often coexists. Because presentation is often atypical, vitamin B12 deficiency is a diagnostic consideration whenever neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms are unexplained.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 deficiency. Important new concepts in recognition. 220 95

A survey of occupational physicians of the Food Industry Medical Officers Group was undertaken to establish details of medical kits supplied by their organizations to business travellers. The most common approach was an in-house medical kit with instructions emphasizing self treatment of the common ailments of travellers such as motion sickness, sleeplessness, diarrhoea, indigestion and headaches. The majority of kits included a small supply of needles, syringes, IV cannulae etc either in a commercial 'Aids Kit' or as inhouse supplies. Antimalarials were provided either as a standard kit item or as required. About half provided antibiotics for the self treatment of infections. Very few provided a telephone number for use in the event of medical emergencies. A standard medical kit specification is proposed.
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PMID:Medical kits for business travellers. 221 91


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